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Name: Score:103 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 103
What explains why a water droplet forms a roughly spherical shape if not acted upon by external
forces?
A sphere increases the volume of the shape, leading to higher energy for the molecules.
A sphere minimizes the surface area of the shape for a given volume, which yields the
lowest-energy state for the molecules.
The buoyant force and surface tension are both greater in mercury
A sphere has no effect on the energy state of the molecules.
Term 2 of 103
Release of which of the following peptides will increase the activity of β-oxidation?
Insulin and glucagon
Insulin and epinephrine
Glucagon and epinephrine
Insulin and cortisol
,Definition 3 of 103
-Oral antibiotics and parietal cell antagonist
-To treat peptic ulcers we must both eliminate the infection (so that the ulcer does not recur) and
neutralize the stomach acid (to reduce the inflammation and allow healing).
-Treatment with the appropriate antibiotic will eliminate the infection and blocking release of HCl
by parietal cells with an antagonist will provide a sustained higher stomach pH than will solid
antacids
With no interest in social relationships, a patient spends most of his time daydreaming
alone in his room. According to the patient's parent, this individual seems detached and is
indifferent to social norms and conventions. This patient most likely has which of the
following personality disorders?
A researcher bubbles excess oxygen through a solution containing Ag2S, waits five
minutes, and concludes that no detectable reaction occurred. She leaves the reaction on
her bench overnight, and returns in the morning to find the reaction complete. What can
she conclude from these results?
The administration of insulin to a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis will have the most direct
effect on what reaction?
Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium found in the stomach and duodenum, has been implicated
in the formation of peptic ulcers (lesions due to inflammation and low pH). What would be
the most effective treatment to eliminate the infection and allow for healing?
Term 4 of 103
What does a mixed inhibitor do?
A paradigm that involves a critique of society and societal processes and structures
A mixed inhibitor will always decrease the Vmax but the Km can either increase or decrease
The energy it takes to break a bond apart
glycogenesis and lipogenesis, but no beta-oxidation as it reduces the breakdown of
adipose triglycerides
,Definition 5 of 103
-Oxygen uptake by the cell ceases, stopping ATP production.
-The lack of glucose supply to the brain would indeed be a result of hemorrhages that would
cause cell damage and death, but glucose is not the respiratory ingredient that is most urgently
needed by tissues in cases of ischemia. The lack of oxygen is what halts cellular respiration (and,
thus, the production of ATP) first
After a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the mechanism of action for ischemic damage in the
brain is that the region downstream from the hemorrhage is no longer perfused with blood.
What describes the most likely primary biochemical change that would result in cell death
immediately after hemorrhage?
Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium found in the stomach and duodenum, has been implicated
in the formation of peptic ulcers (lesions due to inflammation and low pH). What would be
the most effective treatment to eliminate the infection and allow for healing?
A 42 year-old female presents with hemolytic anemia (inappropriate destruction of red
blood cells) secondary to a pyruvate kinase deficiency (the final enzyme in glycolysis).
What best describes the mechanism of her hemolytic anemia?
Protein folding involves both the formation of secondary and tertiary protein structure to
ultimately generate a stereotyped final configuration. What is true of the folding process?
, Term 6 of 103
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder affecting women of
reproductive age, and is a leading cause of infertility due to cessation of menstrual cycles and
anovulation. While the severity of symptoms differs greatly from woman to woman, most women
diagnosed with PCOS exhibit some degree of amenorrhea, insulin resistance or Type II diabetes,
and anovulation. These women also often develop hirsutism (secondary male sex characteristics
such as facial hair) due to increased synthesis of androgenic hormones. Women (such as PCOS
patients) who experience exposure to estrogen without concurrent exposure to progesterone
are also at increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Most patients with PCOS exhibit
multiple cysts on their ovaries when examined by ultrasound. These cysts are actually primary
follicles, which have begun developing from primordial follicles, but have arrested prior to o
-Inadequate ATP resulting in failure of primary active transport and subsequent cell
damage
-A deficiency in the final enzyme of glycolysis would significantly reduce ATP production
and in red blood cells, which lack mitochondria, glycolysis is the principal source of ATP.
Pumps relying on ATP, primary active transporters, would fail leading to cell damage; the
damaged cells would then ultimately be consumed by a macrophage in the spleen
-According to the nomogram in Figure 1, cells are approximately 100 times less sensitive to
light at a wavelength of 590 nm than they are to light at a wavelength of 482 nm (note that
the vertical axis is a logarithmic scale; each step represents 10-fold change, so -2 means
100-fold less).
-Therefore a flash would need to be 100-fold brighter (contain 100 times as many photons)
in order to generate the same response
-A drug that induces cells to take up more glucose
-One of the hallmark symptoms of PCOS is insulin resistance (type II diabetes). When cells
are resistant to insulin, glucose stays in the blood. Over time, high blood sugar levels can
cause damage to the kidneys, the eyes, and blood vessels, in addition to other side effects.
Diabetes drugs work to reduce blood sugar by assisting in the movement of glucose out of
the blood and into cells
Absorption of a photon by melanopsin causes the dissociation of the alpha subunit from
Gq, and its exchange of bound GDP for GTP.
Melanopsin, like rhodopsin, is a photopigment which aids in the conversion of a photon into
an electrical response in photoreceptors. If melanopsin is responsible for the activation of
Gq, it will cause the exchange of bound GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit, resulting in the
dissociation of the subunit
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