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WS study guide chap 10/11 with correct answers

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WS Study Gue Chap 10/11

What brought on the several centuries of political division following the collapse of the Han dynasty? What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the Han dynasty? correct answersThe collapse of the Han dynasty led to division and civil wars. Nomadic forces took ...

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WS study guide chap 10/11

What brought on the several centuries of political division following the collapse of the Han dynasty?
What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the Han dynasty?
correct answersThe collapse of the Han dynasty led to division and civil wars. Nomadic forces took
advantage of this and started to rule over Northern China while Southern China was still ruled by the
Chinese. This led to instability and many civil wars. (Era of the six dynasties) // The Confucian principles
were severely challenged (meaning that people started thinking against it) and many Chinese turned to
supernatural/spiritual beliefs. They began to turn to Daoism which provided emotional satisfaction
(people drank and were naked) But neither was enough to satisfy the sorrow in people so Buddhism
came and helped. Buddhism had the concept of rebirth.

How significant was international trade to Chinese society? What was traded? From where and to
where? Who benefited—China? Its neighbors? Within China? correct answersInternational and maritime
trade were both very important for the Chinese. The Chinese exported silk, tea, and porcelain to
countries south of the China sea, they received exotic woods, precious stones, and cotton from India.
Southern seaports exported tropical fruits and walnuts. Canton was the biggest southern-chinese port
with an estimated 100,000 merchants that lived there.

Discuss the significance and impact of the civil service examination on Chinese society. Who benefited
and who did not from the system? Was it actually based upon merit? Why or why not? correct
answersThe civil service examination allowed people in Chinese society to accurately elect their officials.
Only those of noble birth could complete the civil service examination. The Chinese turned to the civil
service exams to assist them in keeping their authority over their people. This was based on merit. This
prevented challenges from aristocratic families. Aristocratic families mastered preparing people for the
exams. This did not benefit the noble families because the relatives of officials were not allowed to take
the test, reducing their power. This system was a great addition to Chinese society and limited power of
higher class families.

What were the main achievements in Chinese literature and art in the period between the Tang dynasty
and the Ming, and what technological innovations and intellectual developments contributed to these
achievements? correct answersLiterature was enhanced due to creation of paper (Han) and Woodblock
printing (Tang)- Its main achievement were the creation of novels which popularised it among the
educated elite. Art (Mainly painting) was inspired by religions like Buddhism and Daoism. Paintings were
painted with more thought especially keeping depth in mind.

, What roles did Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism play in Chinese intellectual life in the period
between the Sui dynasty and the Ming? In the public sphere, what advantages did Confucianism have
over Buddhism and Daoism, and why? correct answersBuddhism and Daoism appealed to those who
seeked emotional and spiritual satisfaction which Confucianism lacked. The two began to appear in
politics but were immediately removed and soon let down due to the fact that they opposed
confucianism. Neo-confucianism was then created to appeal to those who supported Buddhism and
Daoism but also tie in features from confucianism. Confucianism was advantageous over the other two
because it was greatly influenced in politics and strengthened society because it made people more
active in it unlike the other two where it would be common for people to abandon society.

Compare and contrast the status of women in Tang and Song China with the status of women in two
other East Asian societies of your choice. What are the similarities and what are the differences, and
why? correct answersIn Tang and Song societies female children were less wanted because they couldn't
carry out work in fields, had tradition of foot binding that represented submissiveness and self-discipline,
and only few women were engaged in politics versus in Japanese and Vietnam socities wives were able
to own property/divorce and had more heroic women. The main similarity was that men were still
dominant.

Why were the Mongols able to amass an empire, and what were the main characteristics of their rule in
China? What was the impact of the "Pax Mongolica" on Eurasian societies in the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries? correct answersThe Mongols were able to overcome the Chinese Empire because
they planned a mass invasion with all of their tribes at the same time. This worked well in defeating the
states and provinces of China individually, which eventually resulted in an overall collapse. The main
characteristics of their rule was advancing technology and continuing the agricultural society. The Pax
Mongolica, also known as the mongol peace. A time when global trade expanded due to the political
stability provided by mongol rulers. The empire sent invasions in every direction and ultimately
connected the East with the West with the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace, which allowed trade,
technologies, commodities, and ideologies to be disseminated and exchanged across Eurasia. The
Mongol raids and invasions were some of the deadliest and most terrifying conflicts in human history.
Ultimately, the empire started to fragment and dissolved in 1368, at which point the Han Chinese Ming
Dynasty took control.

What were the chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the Ming dynasty to enhance the role of China
in the world? Why did the imperial court order the famous voyages of Zhenghe, and why were they
discontinued? correct answersThe chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the Ming Dynasty to
enhance the role of China in the world were making, Confucian institutions, factories and workshops
cities, and increasing the food output. The imperial court ordered the famous voyages of Zhenghe
because they wanted to bring back information and goods to their dynasty. They were discontinued
because Emperor Yongle died and he was the main Emperor behind the expeditions.

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