TEST BANK For Abnormal Child and Adolescent
Psychology 9th Edition By Allen C. Israel, Jennifer Weil
Malatras, Rita Wicks-Nelson
The concept that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings - ANSWER:
Multifinality
The concept that similar outcomes may stem from different earlier experiences -
ANSWER: Equifinality
The pattern of behaviors that begins during childhood and includes anxiety,
depression, somatic symptoms, and withdrawn behavior - ANSWER: Internalizing
Problems
Being the victim at school or being exposed to violent acts at home or community -
ANSWER: Non-Accidental Trauma
The pattern of behaviors that begins during childhood and encompasses behaviors
such as aggression and delinquent behavior - ANSWER: Externalizing Problems
The concept to describe the sequence and timing of particular behaviors - ANSWER:
Developmental Pathway
The concept that personality and mental health outcomes have multiple roots -
ANSWER: Psychoanalytic Theory
The pattern of behavioral, cognitive, or physical symptoms that causes significant
distress in the subject - ANSWER: Psychological Disorder
A variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest and decreases chances that
the outcome will occur - ANSWER: Protective Factor
The ability to avoid negative outcomes despite being at risk for psychopathology -
ANSWER: Resilience
A variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest and increases chances that
the outcome will occur - ANSWER: Risk Factor
A branch of science that attempts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive
categories - ANSWER: Nosology
The ability to adapt to one's environment - ANSWER: Competence
The psychosocial task of childhood that reflects broad domains of competence and
indicates how children typically progress - ANSWER: Developmental Task
,The cluster of negative attitudes and beliefs that motivates fear, rejection, and
discrimination against people with mental illnesses - ANSWER: Stigma
Which subfield of Psychology is responsible for the development of evidence-based
treatments for children, adolescents and families? - ANSWER: Behaviourism
Which of the following choices BEST defines a psychological disorder? - ANSWER: A
pattern of behavioral, cognitive, emotional or physical symptoms shown by an
individual
In the study of abnormal child behavior, what is the ability to successfully adapt in
the environment called? - ANSWER: Competence
Which of the following domains would a psychologist assess abnormal child behavior
in terms of competency? - ANSWER: Academic Achievement, Conduct, and the
ability to follow rules
In terms of the study of child abnormal psychology, what is a developmental
pathway? - ANSWER: The sequence and timing of particular behaviors and possible
relationships over time
Which of the following choices best describes the concept of multifinality? -
ANSWER: Similar early experiences lead to different outcomes
Which ratio of children in the U.S live in poverty? - ANSWER: 1 in 5
Which of the following represents an environmental stressor that can affect the
development of a disorder? - ANSWER: Poverty, Child Abuse, and Inequality
Why is it important to avoid using labels (e.g., "an autistic child") when referring to
persons with psychological disorders? - ANSWER: These labels describe the patterns
of behavior that may occur in certain circumstances, not the people
Popular rap artist "Jay Z" demonstrated ____________ when he channeled his
challenging childhood experiences into a drive to change his life circumstances for
the better. - ANSWER: Resilience
It is predicted that by 2020 ________________ problems will surpass all
_______________ diseases as a major cause of disability throughout the world. -
ANSWER: Mental Health, and Physical
Research suggests that about _______ child in ______ has a mental health problem
that significantly impairs their ability to function. - ANSWER: 1 in 8
, Fewer than _____% of children with mental health problems receive proper services
to address impairments related to personal, family, or situational factors. - ANSWER:
10%
With the improved diagnostic distinction among various disorders and syndromes,
there has been a (an): - ANSWER: Increase in earlier recognition and understanding
of previously understood or undetected problems
Which of the following psychological disorders is most associated with children from
inner-city area who are living in poverty? - ANSWER: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
Sex differences in problem behaviors are insignificant before the age of _____ but
increase with age. - ANSWER: 3
Boy show higher rates of early-onset disorders that involve ______________, and
girls show more ____________ disorders with a peak age of onset in adolescence. -
ANSWER: Neurodevelopmental impairment and Emotional
Very few emotional and behavioral disorders of occur at different times for different
racial groups. Which of the following best explains why there is no difference in the
timing of behavioral disorders between races? - ANSWER: Race is a socially
constructed concept, not a biological one
According to the U.S Department of health and Human Services (2016), each year
nearly ________________ verified cases of child abuse and neglect occur in the
United States, and more than ________________ in Canada. - ANSWER: 1 million
and 80,000
According to the reading, elements associated with an increased vulnerability to
psychological disorders are collectively called __________ factors. - ANSWER: Risk
Factors
Dr. Michael Maddaus describes a childhood in which he experienced__________. -
ANSWER: Low Self-Esteem
According to Dr. Ann Masten, late bloomers typically turn their lives around in their
_____. - ANSWER: Late teens to early twenties
A complex interplay of nature and nurture to account for genetic and environmental
influences and their timing - ANSWER: Gene-Environment Interaction (GxE)
A set of underlying biological changes to genetic structure resulting from
environmental factors, such as toxins, diet, stress - ANSWER: Epigenetic
A branch of science that investigates possible connections between a genetic
predisposition and observed behavior - ANSWER: Behavioural Genetics
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