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CRIM 1011 Introduction to Criminology final exam 2024 complete update Thompson Rivers University
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CRIM 1011 Introduction to Criminologyfinal exam 2024 complete update
Thompson Rivers University
,Major themes of Classical school (4): - --- Most humans are rational and most behaviour is the
result of free choice
- However, our agency (free will) is determined by the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain
- Punishment, a necessary evil, is sometimes required to deter law violators and to serve as an
example to potential offenders
- Certain individual rights are inalienable, and governments that contravene those rights should
be disbanded.
- Forming societies provide benefits over living in isolation, but we also forfeit some of the
benefits accrued from living in isolation
- Crime disrupts the organization of civic societies
- Before we discuss the evolution of formal law, let's discuss formal law
What broad categories did William Graham Sumner come up with? - --Norms and Folkways
What are folkways, some examples? - --Time-honoured norms (controls) we abide by, that if
violated were unlikely to threaten the group as a whole. More routine and casual.
Examples: waiting in line, being courteous, dressing appropriately, eating politely, being
politically correct, saying "excuse me".
What are Mores, some examples? - --Widely observed norms that have great more significant.
Mores are often seen as taboos. More emphasize mortality through right and wrong, and
comes with heavier consequences if violated.
Examples: Child molestation, stealing, murder, adultery, etc.
Social controls have also been divided into? (2) - --Mala prohibida offences and mala in se
offences
,What are male prohibits offences? Examples? - --Acts said to be wrong only because they're
prohibited in rules/laws, but not necessarily inherently wrong. Examples: Prostitution,
gambling, drug use and underage sex
What are mala in se offences? Examples? - --Fundamentally and inherently wrong in and of
themselves regardless of the law, time, or location.
Examples: is murder wrong in times of war? Has it always been considered wrong to use
corporal punishment on a child?
In the demonic era where did evil (and social control originate)? - --The church provided social
control and the devil was evil incarnate
How did society view human behaviour? Were people guided by free will or determinism? - --
Spirits possessed them, so they didn't have free will.
Were people considered rational actors? - --Nope, they were tempted or possessed by the
devil.
What was the evolution of the criminal law to current? - --Formal social control, the code of
Hammurabi, early roman law, common law, the Magna Carta.
The modern law is the result of a long evolution of legal principles.
What was the code of Hammurabi? - --The Code of Hammurabi is one of the first known bodies
of law available for study. King Hammurabi Babylyon (1792 BC - 1750 BC) and created the code.
, How many laws were their in Code of Hammurabi, what did they entail? - --282 laws focused on
interpersonal and property rights. Refers to issues of theft, property ownership, trade, wages,
sexual relationships, and interpersonal violence. Began codifying punishments (tortures).
Some examples of punishments (The Code of Hammurabi): - --- Man stuck another of higher
status they received 60 lashes
- If a son struck his father his hand was cut off
- If a house collapsed the builder was to blame; the punishment was death
- If a house collapsed the builder was to blame; the punishment was death
- If a man took the eye of another, his eye was to be taken
Why was codifying punishment a good thing? (code of Hammurabi) - --- Ignorance of the law no
longer an excuse
- Started to keep cruelty within certain limits
- Still, even minor transgressions often resulted in brutal punishments.
Prior to establishing the Roman Republic, _______ were based on common and fair practices
accepted among early tribes: - --Toman Twelve Tables (450 BC)
During the Republic, the _________ _______, during the reign of Emperor Justinian (AD 527-
565) was perhaps the best known legal period in Roman history. - --The Justinian code
What was the public law: (The Justinian Code) - --This focused on the republic and contained
elements of our constitution. This is organization of the state, senate, and government offices.
Division of government power.
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