Ad Hominem argument - answer-Fallacy that occurs when someone makes a personal attack on the character, interests or circumstances f the person who is advancing a claim, instead of addressing the argument he or she makes.
Affirming the consequent - answer-This fallacy is committed when the conse...
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Ad Hominem argument - answer-Fallacy that occurs when someone makes a personal attack on the character,
interests or circumstances f the person who is advancing a claim, instead of addressing the argument he or
she makes.
Affirming the consequent - answer-This fallacy is committed when the consequent in a conditional statement
is affirmed and the antecedent is taken to be true on these grounds.
Analogy - answer-Reasoning by analogy is based on comparison with similar cases. An argument based on
analogy only succeeds when the similarities between the cases or entities are relevant.
Analyzing arguments - answer-The process of identifying premises and conclusions in arguments and
structuring arguments.
Antecedent - answer-In a conditional claim ('If'...'then'...) the antecedent lies between the 'if' and the 'then'.
An antecedent is the condition that is claimed to lead to the consequent.
Appeal to force - answer-The appeal-to-force fallacy occurs when an arguer appeals to the threat of force or
coercion in order to get his/her opponents to accept to certain conclusions.
Appeal to the masses - answer-Fallacious reasoning based on mass sentiment, popular feelings, or
nationalism, rather than offering good reasons for accepting the conclusion.
Argument - answer-An argument is a group of statements that intend to affirm the truth or acceptability of a
claim.
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Argumentative writing - answer-Argumentative writing argues for or against a particular point of view. It is
concerned with arguments and the point of an argument is to convince the reader or the audience that a
claim is true or acceptable.
Begging the question fallacy - answer-This fallacy occurs when the premises of an argument assume the very
issue that the conclusion needs to establish. The begging-the-question fallacy is also known as circular
reasoning because the 'reasoning' goes round in a circle, that is, it only restates the premises in different
words.
Cause-ad-effect reasoning - answer-A kind of inductive argument in which it is argued that a particular event
or effect occurs on the basis of specific antecedent conditions or casual factors.
Comparison Writing - answer-A kind of writing that compares and contrasts two or more things, events or
viewpoints by focusing on similarities and differences.
Complex Question - answer-The complex-question fallacy occurs when two or more questions are combined
and demand a 'yes' or 'no' answer.
Conclusion Inidcator - answer-A signal word that helps us to identify the conclusion of an argument.
Conclusion - answer-A conclusion is the main claim of an argument
Conditional Claim - answer-A conditional claim is a proposition that can be expressed in the form of 'If P then
Q', where P and Q stand for statements. It is called a conditional claim because the antecedent (the statement
that follows after the 'if') may not be true.
Consequent - answer-In a conditional claim ('If'...'then'...) the consequent follows the 'then'. A consequent is
what is said to follow if the antecedent condition is assumed to be true.
Counterargument - answer-This is an argument an arguer formulates in answer to another argument.
Counterexample - answer-A counterexample is a specific example which defeats or runs counter tot he claim
made in an argument.
Critical Reasoning - answer-Critical reasoning explores the nature and function of arguments in natural
language and is concerned with the art of argumentation rather than the formal theory of reasoning.
Critical Reasoning involves thinking for yourself, offering well-informed and reasoned alternatives to problems,
and an attitude of critical self-reflection, that is, the ability to reflect critically on your own beliefs and biases
and the beliefs and biases of other people.
Deductive argument - answer-An argument in which the premises are claimed to give sufficient support for
the conclusion to follow.
Denotative defintion - answer-A definition that denotes or 'marks down' by giving examples. A denotative
definition is also called a definition by example.
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