Why do we study statistics? correct answers · to understand variance and to quantify how much knowledge we have about specific constructs
constants definition correct answers things we know and can quantify with 100% accuracy (e.g., speed of light)
variables definition correct answers things...
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Why do we study statistics? correct answers · to understand variance and to quantify how much
knowledge we have about specific constructs
constants definition correct answers things we know and can quantify with 100% accuracy (e.g.,
speed of light)
variables definition correct answers things that vary (e.g., attitudes towards same sex marriage)
characteristics of good research correct answers guided by theory, standardised procedures,
generalisable, reliable, uses multiple methods to examine single phenomena
what is the distinction between methods and statistics? correct answers research methodology vs
statistical analyses
research methodology definition correct answers the collection of approaches, paradigms and
procedures (real or logical) that allow us to collect data, and provide us confidence in whatever
data we gather
statistical analyses definition correct answers The algorithms which we process our data to help
us to arrive at a conclusion (about a research question)
normal distribution rule correct answers 28-95-99.7 rule
____ is the basic question the researcher wants to awnser correct answers the research questions
predictions must be ____ correct answers testable
research ___ has both procedural and statistical components correct answers design
surveys definition correct answers non-experimental data gathering
tap constructs definition correct answers how we measure constructs
construct are correct answers not directly observable (e.g., attitude, parenting skill, anxiety)
operation: correct answers measures are all operations or operational definitions (where all our
numbers in spss comes from).
example of operation correct answers total score in perfectionism scale, the averaged output of
physiology
, reliability is measured... correct answers based on random error
validity is measured .... correct answers based on coverage of correct underlying construct
Anytime a measurement is made it is influenced by a range of factors correct answers true score,
systematic error and random error
definition and example of true score correct answers the systematic effect of underlying
construct. Example: how much do I actually know about statistics (should be unchanging across
occasions without some treatment to increase/decrease it)
example of systematic error correct answers how well I perform in testing situations in general (§
People with low test anxiety systematically better than high test anxiety people)
example of random error correct answers Whether or not I happened to get little sleep one night
at random
inferential statistics correct answers used to make inference about population parameters, if
nothing else is known, the statistic (e.g., the mean) are the best estimates of the population
parameters (e.g., height of Griffith students based on this class)
samples may fail for 2 reasons: correct answers sampling bias or sampling error
sample bias definition correct answers due to faulty sampling methods, some important
subgroups of the population may be over- or under-represented in our sample
sampling error definition correct answers how likely is it that the difference we observed could
have occurred by chance?
If a measure of assertive communication did not tap heavily into constructs such as aggression
and yielded consistent scores over several measurement occasions with the same participants, I
could conclude that the measure had: correct answers high validity and high reliability
Arousal, Hunger, Warmth, and Status are: correct answers constructs
Prof Kylie Minogue is examining the effect of a new training program on memory for hit songs.
She uses a standardised song recall task after training each morning. For this measure,
participants' general musical aptitude is: correct answers systematic error
The standard deviation of the distribution of sample means is referred to as _______ error:
correct answers standard
Statistics is to Samples as _______ are to Populations: correct answers parameters
A survey is _________ if it measures the same construct repeatedly correct answers reliable
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