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Introduction to Brain and Behavior
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ACTUAL Test Bank for an Introduction to Brain and Behavior 6th Edition by Bryan Kolb-100_ Grade A+-2023-2024.pdf
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior,7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw
Neuroplasticity: - ANSWER:The brain's ability to change related to experience and
behavior. Think about molding a piece of plastic or a piece of playdough into a
shape. At a microscopic level, the brain is always being molded to make it more
useful.
Adult Neurogenesis: - ANSWER:In the Bible, genesis means in the beginning. The
"genesis" of a new cell means it is just being created. "Neuro" means that the cell
being created is a neuron.
Social Neuroscience: - ANSWER:Our body affects our social environment and our
social environment affects our body. Examples: Testosterone levels and dilation of
pupils.
Epigenetics: - ANSWER:Almost all cells in our body have a complete copy of our
genome, or copy of genes. Some genes remain unexpressed but others come to
expression.
- study of changes in gene expression that are not from the sequence of the genetic
code
Methylation: - ANSWER:The inactivation of a gene
Methylation can lead to... - ANSWER:stress in animals or humans or even suicide in
humans.
Input Zone: - ANSWER:Primarily the dendrites but also parts of the cell body of the
neuron. Dendrites receive chemical messages from the synaptic clefts.
Integration Zone: - ANSWER:The cell body is like a manufacturing unit that takes the
information received from other neurons and integrates it into a meaningful
message.
Conduction zone: - ANSWER:The axon carries messages away from the cell body in
the form of electrical impulses and moves the message toward the synapse.
Output zone: - ANSWER:Neurotransmitters flood the synaptic cleft in the form of
chemical messages and make their way to other cells.
, Multipolar Neurons: - ANSWER:Many dendrites and a single axon. Most neurons are
multipolar neurons.
Bipolar Neurons: - ANSWER:Single Dendrite on one end of cell and single axon at
other end. Common in vision.
Unipolar Neurons: - ANSWER:Single extension bi-directional axon on both sides.
Usually serves as both receiving information (input zone) and sending information
output information. Information sent from body to spinal cord.
Membranes at the end of axon terminals and at the beginning of dendrite receptors
allow the passage of chemical messengers called... - ANSWER:neurotransmitter
molecules between cells.
Chemicals do not actually enter a postsynaptic neuron's dendrite but rather... -
ANSWER:excite the neuron briefly.
Synaptic Clefts: - ANSWER:These are areas between the axons of cells and the
dendrites of other cells where chemical messages are sent.
It is estimated that we have many more glial cells in the nervous system than
neurons; however, some researchers suggest the ratio is greater in the cortex but
not necessarily the entire brain and nervous system. Whatever the case, glial cells
are essential in protecting the brain. There are four types of glial cells. - ANSWER:1.
Oligodendrocytes=
myelin sheath
2. Schwann Cells=
myelin sheath
3. Astrocytes
4. Microglial Cells
Neurons are primarily undisturbed and at rest.
Anions are...
Cations are... - ANSWER:negatively charged ions
positively charged ions
Negative resting cells are polarized. Extreme negative resting cells are
hyperpolarized. Movement of potassium inside and outside of the cell membrane
determines levels of polarization. When polarization is lessened, depolarization
occurs leading to... - ANSWER:the greater chance of sodium ions passing into the cell
generating an action potential.
Positively charged ions like sodium (Na+) are generally found outside of cells in an
extracellular area. An action potential causes... - ANSWER:certain gates in the
neuron to open allowing sodium (Na+) into the cell and potassium (K+) out of the
cell.
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