What is a group? correct answers Two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition
Ingroups - we belong to
Outgroups - we don't belong to
Group members can vary in entitativity, whether groups appear to be a coherent...
HPS204 - Week 7 || with 100% Verified Solutions.
What is a group? correct answers Two or more people who share a common definition and
evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition
Ingroups - we belong to
Outgroups - we don't belong to
Group members can vary in entitativity, whether groups appear to be a coherent, distinct and
unified entity
Low entitativity - fuzzy boundaries, unstrictured and heterogeneous
High entitativity - clear boundaries, internally well structured and homogenous
Group processes correct answers Psychological processes involved in relations within and
between groups
Can be split into a number of categories
1. How the group influences ht eindividual
2. Features of groups
3. Functions of group performance
4. Interactions between groups
Social facilitation correct answers An improvement in the performance of well learned, easy
tasks and a deterioration in the performance of poorly learned/difficult tasks in the mere presence
of others
Drive theory correct answers The presence of others causes arousal/innate energising drive
This produces a dominant response
Correct dominance response - social presence improves performance
Incorrect dominant response - social presence impairs performance
Social loafing correct answers A reduction in individual effort when working in a collective task
when compared to working alone
Explanations:
1. Output equity: Believes others loaf so you fo it to maintain equity
2. Less evaluation apprehension: If you feel anonymous in a group, we loaf, especially when the
task isn't engaging
3. Matching to standard: I no clear performance standard or group norm, we loaf
Factors that decrease social loafing and increase social facilitation correct answers Small group
size
, Personal involvement
Significance of group to identify
Collective values
Group cohesiveness
Partner effort
Competing against an outgroup
High task interdependence
Task meaningfullness
Identifiability of person and output
Free rider effect correct answers Gaining benefits of group membership by avoiding costly
obligations to incur costs
Social compensation effect correct answers When individuals work harder in groups to
compensate for others actual, perceived or anticipated lack of effort on important collective tasks
Group cohesiveness correct answers The degree of solidarity in a group
Psychological processes that transform an aggregate of individual into a group
Most research conceptualises group cohesion as interpersonal and attraction/mutual liking among
group members so factors increasing these increases group cohesion
Hogg's social identity based distinction correct answers Personal attraction: Linking someone
based on idiosyncratic preferences and interpersonal relationships
Social attraction: Inter-individual liking based on identifying with a group
Group structure correct answers Division of group membership to different roles within a group
with respect to status and prestige
Group roles correct answers Describe and prescribe behavioural norms to differentiate activities
within the group, facilitating group functioning
Can be formal and explicit, informal and implicit
Emerge in groups to represent a division of labour
Tend to attribute role determined behaviour to role players dispositions
Group status correct answers When role are not equal across group members, some role are more
prestigious, valued and respected than others
Higher status roles tent to initiate ideas and activities that are adopted by group
Not fixed and varies over the situations
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