OCMTHYC CYBERNETICS UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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OCMTHYC CYBERNETICS
OCMTHYC CYBERNETICS UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Systems Metaphor
2. Cultural Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER- Two new metaphors that gained
ascendency as ways to understand organizational processes
Systems Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER- views organizations not as self-contained
and...
OCMTHYC CYBERNETICS UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Systems Metaphor
2. Cultural Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Two new metaphors that gained
ascendency as ways to understand organizational processes
Systems Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔views organizations not as self-contained
and self-sufficient machines but as complex organisms that must interact with their
environment to survive.
Cultural Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔takes an anthropological approach in
understanding organizations as sites of interlinked beliefs, values, behaviors, and artifacts.
Where did Systems theory originate? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔In the fields of biology
and engineering.
One of the key founders of the systems movement - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ludwig von
Bertalanffy
> theoretical biologist who was interested in the study of "living systems"
von Bertalanffy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔also concerned with the extent to which
intellectual disciplines were isolated from one another
argued that systems concepts could be applied to a large number of fields in both the natural
and social sciences
Who adopted the study of organizational theorists? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Katz and
Kahn (1978)
> took an open systems approach to organizational behavior
Farace, Monge, and Russell (1977)
> in the field of communication
,the 1960s and 1970s - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔were marked by extensive attention to the
systems metaphor as a way of understanding the processes of organizational behavior and
communication.
What systems are made of - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔System Components
How systems work - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔System Processes
The unique characteristics that arise from these components and processes - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔System Properties
What is system components in an organizational system? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the
people and departments that make up the organization.
What is the first task of a systems theorist? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔to identify
the relevant components that comprise the system.
3 Concepts that characterize System Components - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1.
Hierarchical Ordering
2. Interdependence
3. Permeability
Hierarchical Ordering - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔system components are arranged in
highly complex ways that involve subsystems and supersystems
Principle: A system consists of smaller subsystems and is embedded
within larger supersystems.
example (body)
> Your body is composed of a number of subsystems-the cardiovascular system, the digestive
system, the neurological system, and so forth. In turn, these systems are also made up of
, subsystems-for example, the cardiovascular system includes the heart, lungs, and blood
vessels. We could take this even further with a consideration of organ components, cells, and
so on.
example (organization as a system)
> let us look at a hospital as an organizational system. A hospital consists of a number of
departmental subsystems, including surgical units, recovery units, the emergency room,
laboratories, and offices. These subsystems, in turn, are composed of smaller work groups
and individuals. We could also move in the other direction and see that the hospital is part of
a larger supersystem-the health care industry. This supersystem would include organizations
such as hospitals, clinics, insurance companies, and pharmaceutical companies.
Interdependence - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The notion of interdependence implies that the
functioning of
one component of a system relies on other components of the system.
Interdependence can be seen by considering the complex relationships among organizations
within a given business sector or in related sectors.
This interdependence
is particularly apparent in today's highly connected global economy
Principle: System components depend on each other for effective
functioning.
example (body)
> The brain needs a constant supply of blood in order to
function, but this supply would not be possible if it were not for the heart's pumping
action. In turn, the heart relies on the lungs to bring in the oxygen that fuels
the blood. Both the heart and the lungs rely on the brain for the neurological signals
that facilitate functioning. In short, the body is a highly interdependent system in
which the breakdown of one component would lead to breakdowns in other components
and in the system as a whole.
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