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DevelopPsych Final from Janet Belsky's Experiencing the Lifespan
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DevelopPsych Final from Janet Belsky's Experiencing the Lifespan
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DEVELOPPSYCH FINAL FROM JANETBELSKY'S EXPERIENCING THE
LIFESPAN
n germinal stage - the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception
embryonic stage - the period of prenatal development that lasts from the second week until about the
eighth week
fetal stage - the period of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week until birth
age of viability - the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth
teratogen - any factor that can cause a birth defect
sensitive period - a point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of
stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible
consequences
proximodistal sequence - the developmental principle that growth occurs from the most interior parts of
the body outward
cephalocaudal sequence - the developmental principle that growth occurs in a sequence from head to
toe
Synaptogenesis and pruning - sensorimotor synaptogenesis last 2 months of pregnancy up to birth,
myelination and pruning over first year of life
Language/auditory comprehension, perception in middle period up to 10yo
Prefrontal cortex is latest developing- peaks ~2 yo, and pruning continues to ~21yo
Myelination - the formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of a neuron
neural plasticity - the ability of the brain to change/heal in response to experience
sucking reflex - Reflex that causes a newborn to make sucking motions when a finger or nipple if placed
in the mouth
rooting reflex - a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the
mouth, and search for the nipple
face-perception studies - research using preferential looking and habituation to explore what very young
babies know about faces
, sensorimotor stage - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which
infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
circular reaction - A repetitive action that achieves a desired response; seen during Piaget's sensorimotor
stage.
primary circular reactions - the repetition of actions that first occurred by chance and that focus on the
infant's own body
secondary circular reactions - the repetition of actions that produce an effect on the environment
primary attachment figure - the closest person in a child's or adult's life
proximity-seeking behavior - acting to maintain physical contact or to be close to an attachment figure
preattachment phase - the first phase of John Bowlby's developmental attachment sequence, during the
first three months of life, when infants show no visible signs of attachment
social smile - a smile evoked by a human face, normally first evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth
attachment in the making - Second phase of Bowlby's attachment sequence, when, from 4 to 7 months
of age, babies slightly prefer the primary caregiver.
clear-cut attachment - critical human attachment phase, from 7 months through toddlerhood, defined by
separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, and needing a primary caregiver close
gross motor skills - physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping
fine motor skills - physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers,
such as drawing and picking up a coin
concrete operational thinking - In Piaget's framework, the type of cognition characteristic of children
aged 8 to 11, marked by the ability to reason about the world in a more logical, adult way.
conservation tasks - Piagetian tasks that involve changing the shape of a substance to see whether
children can go beyond the way that substance visually appears to understand that the amount is still
the same
reversibility - the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction,
returning to the starting point
centering - In Piaget's conservation tasks, the preoperational child's tendency to fix on the most visually
striking feature of a substance and not take other dimensions into account.
Decentering - the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account
class inclusion - the understanding that a general category can encompass several subordinate elements
identity constancy - In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's inability to grasp that a person's core
"self" stays the same despite changes in external appearance.
animism - Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and
earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
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