WGS Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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WGS Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is women's and gender studies (WGS)? - CORRECT ANSWER- Interdisciplinary
academic field devoted to topics concerning women, gender and feminism
-focuses on gender arrangements (the ways society creates, patterns, and rewards ou...
WGS Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is women's and gender studies (WGS)? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Interdisciplinary
academic field devoted to topics concerning women, gender and feminism
-focuses on gender arrangements (the ways society creates, patterns, and rewards our
understandings of femininity and masculinity) and examines the multiple ways these
arrangements affect everyday life
What is Androcentrism? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a confusion of maleness with
humanity, putting men at the center and relegating women to outsiders in society
What is the relationship between the founding of women's studies and androcentrism in
higher education? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔There was an absence, misrepresentation, and
trivialization of women in higher education because men were the focus of society. Women's
studies responded to this absence
What are Elizabeth Minnich's four "errors of knowledge"? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1.
Faulty Generalization
2. Circular Reasoning
3. "Mystified" concepts
4. Inability to discard or correct old knowledge systems
Faulty Generalization - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔"the dominant few...defined
themselves...as the norm and ideal"
-Androcentrism: male-centered, man = norm
-1970s Broverman study: "mentally healthy man=mentally healthy adult"
-asked doctors to describe mentally healthy man, women and adult
-men and adult =independent, confident
-Women= gentle, dependent
Circular Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔traditional knowledge is justified based on
standard imbedded in that knowledge (the conclusion is one of the premises used to arrive at
the conclusion)
,-medicine/psychology ("general" studies involving only white men)
- sociology ("deviant" behavior = behavior different from white middle-class men)
-History ("important" history involves white men)
- Philosophy (includes only "great white men"
Attachment to "mystified" concepts (feed and result from first two errors) - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔Familiar and unexamined
ex: "masculine and feminine", the way society understands and defines sexual differences
(gets confused with biological, inherent traits)
-heterosexuality= only "normal" way to be
Inability to discard or correct old knowledge systems (perpetuated by previous 3 errors)
resulting in: - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-partial/incomplete knowledge: the result of asking
and answering questions within the dominant tradition alone
-parable of the elephant
-we are only wrong if we think we are right, if we think we know enough from any one
perspective to judge the whole
-perpetuation of the dominant, hierarchical order (and injustice)
-and a rationalization of inequality
What is the history of WGS in academia? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔• Late 1960s and early
1970s students and faculty began demanding that the knowledge learned and shared in
colleges around the country be more inclusive of women's issues, and they asked to see more
women in leadership positions on college campus.
• First, it rebalanced the curriculum. (add women and stir)
o Women as subjects of study were integrated into existing curricula thru the development of
new courses about women
o Shifted the focus on men and men's lives to women's lives and concerns by developing
courses such as "Women and Art" and "women in US history"
• Second, it resulted in a transformation of traditional knowledge
o People began questioning the nature of knowledge, and how knowledge integrating the
perspectives of marginalized people
o This strategy involved a serious challenge to traditional knowledge and its claims to truth
, Differentiate between first wave, second wave, and third wave women's movements -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔First wave:
-mid 19th century
-women's rights and suffrage (voting) activity, which sought to overturn legal obstacles to
women's participation in society, and more contemporary "third wave" movements
Second wave:
-1960s 1970s
-refers to this 20th century period of social activism from the 1960s thru the 80s that
addressed formal and informal inequalities associated, for example, with the workplace,
family, sexuality, and reproductive freedom
Third wave:
-refers to several diverse strains of feminist activity and study, whose exact boundaries in the
history of feminism are a subject of debate, but are generally marked as beginning in the
early 1990s and continuing to the present.
Intersectionality - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the ways all people's experiences of gender are
created by the intersection or coming together of multiple identities like race, ethnicity, social
class and so forth
Patriarchy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a system where men and masculine bodies dominate
because power and authority are in the hands of adult men
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔refused to "obey" in wedding vows and
kept her last name "cady"
-Seneca Falls convention 1848
Lucretia Mott - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Quaker teacher, minister, abolitionist
-opposed slavery and refused to by slave made products
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔organized by Lucretia Motta
and EC Stanton
"Declaration of Sentiments" - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-declaration of sentiments (E.C.
Stanton)
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