Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine Questions And Answers Rated A+.

0 keer verkocht

Vak
MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine

Instelling
MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 60 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 14 september 2024
Aantal pagina's 60
Geschreven in 2024/2025
Type Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
Bevat Vragen en antwoorden

mksap 17 general internal medicine questions an

Instelling MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine
Vak MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine

Volgen

techgrades

Lid sinds 1 jaar 146 documenten verkocht

€13,74

In winkelwagen

Op verlanglijstje

100% tevredenheidsgarantie
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Lees online óf als PDF
Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten

MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine
Questions And Answers Rated A+.

What % of the U.S. gross domestic product is spent on health care? - correct
answer.18%

What are the 5 steps of the High Value Care Framework? - correct answer.1.
Understand the benefits, harms, and relative costs of the interventions that you are
considering
2. Decrease or eliminate the use of interventions that provide no benefits and/or may be
harmful
3. Choose interventions and care settings that maximize benefits, minimize harms, and
reduce costs (using comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data)
4. Customize a care plan with patients that incorporates their values and addresses
their concerns
5. Identify system level opportunities to improve outcomes, minimize harms, and reduce
health care waste

What is an experimental study? - correct answer.a study in which subjects and
interventions are determined at the study outset, and investigators and subjects are
often blinded to the intervention to minimize biased outcomes

What are the 3 different types of experimental studies? - correct answer.1. Randomized
controlled trial (subjects are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group)

2. Cluster randomized trial (subjects are randomized by clusters (e.g., nursing unit)
rather than as individuals)

3. Quasi-experimental design (review of data collected before and after an intervention)

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Randomized controlled trial? - correct
answer.Strengths: strongest design for determining causation

,Weaknesses: expensive, time consuming, not practical for many clinical situations

limited follow up duration

limited number of outcomes that can be assessed

limited generalizability

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Cluster randomized trial? - correct
answer.Strengths: same as for RCT's

can be used if randomization of patients if not ethical or feasible

Weaknesses: same as for RCTs

challenging to analyze

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Quasi-experimental design? - correct
answer.Strengths:can be used if randomization of patients is not ethical or feasible

Weaknesses: patients not randomized

What are the key threats to validity in a Randomized controlled trial? - correct answer.if
randomization is ineffective

if data are not analyzed according to initially assigned group

if key individuals are aware of group assignment (not blinded)

if follow-up is incomplete

What are the key threats to validity in a Cluster randomized trial? - correct
answer.same as for RCTs

if analysis does not account for clustering

What are the key threats to validity in a Quasi-experimental design? - correct answer.if
no adjustment for possible confounding

What is an observational study? - correct answer.a study that does not employ
interventions or patient assignment to groups; alternatively, researchers compare two or
more naturally existing groups

these studies are often less rigorous than experimental studies, thus reducing the ability
to draw causal inferences

,advantages include the capacity to utilize natural practice settings and to involve
patients with wider ranges of illnesses and exposures

a disadvantage of observational studies is that they are more subject to confounding
and bias than experimental studies

What are the 4 different types of observational studies? - correct answer.1. Cohort
study (studies outcomes of groups using observed assignment; example is a study that
examines the rates of type 2 DM among patients with high socioeconomic status versus
patients with low socioeconomic status)

2. Case-control study (compares past exposures in patients with and without disease)

3. Cross-sectional study (determines prevalence of disease (e.g., survey studies)

4. Case series (describes the characteristics of a group (or series) of patients (or
cases))

What is the difference between a prospective cohort study and a retrospective cohort
study? - correct answer.a study in which patients are observed for outcomes going
forward in time, whereas retrospective cohort studies look at patients histories, often
after an outcome has occurred

prospective cohort studies are often more rigorous than retrospective cohort studies
because they reduce bias by selecting patients and statistical methods priori

the standard outcome measure for a cohort study is relative risk

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a cohort study? - correct answer.Strengths:
able to detect associations, but these are not always cause-effect relationships

able to study multiple outcomes over a long period of time

large sample size

Weaknesses:requires complicated statistical techniques to minimize confounding

prospective designs can be expensive and take many years before results are available

What is an example of a case control study? What is the standard estimate of risk in
case control studies? - correct answer.example: patients with and without type 2 DM,
could be compared with respect to exposure to high-calorie, fast-food diets

odds ratio is the standard estimate of risk

, What are the strengths and weaknesses of a case-control study? - correct
answer.Strengths: useful for rare diseases or exposures

inexpensive

Weaknesses: high risk for bias

high risk for confounding

cannot assess incidence/prevalence

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a cross-sectional study? - correct
answer.Strengths: can be completed quickly

inexpensive

Weaknesses: may result in misleading information

provides information on only one point in time

high risk for bias

What are the strengths and weaknesses of a case series? - correct answer.Strengths:
hypothesis generating

observations may be useful in designing a study to evaluate possible explanations or
causes for the observed findings

Weaknesses: high risk for bias

cannot infer causation

What are the key threats to validity in a cohort study? - correct answer.selections bias
in cohort

bias in measurement of exposures and outcomes

if important confounders not accounted for

What are the key threats to validity in a case control study? - correct answer.selection
bias, especially in controls

measurement bias, especially recall bias

What are the key threats to validity in a cross sectional study? - correct
answer.selection bias, response bias

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper techgrades. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €13,74. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 69052 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis

Laatst bekeken door jou

Samenvatting ·

(0)

Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

MKSAP 17 General Internal Medicine Questions And Answers Rated A+.

Document informatie

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Verkoper

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud