BU231 Midterm Exam || With Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
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BU231 Midterm Exam || With Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
BU231 Midterm Exam || With Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
What are the 4 elements of negligence? - ANSWER - 1. Duty
2. Standard of Care
3. Causation
4. Damages
Mnemonic: Data Sciense Causes Diseases
What test can we use...
,BU231 Midterm Exam || With Questions
& Answers (100% Correct)
What are the 4 elements of negligence? - ANSWER - 1. Duty
2. Standard of Care
3. Causation
4. Damages
Mnemonic: Data Sciense Causes Diseases
What test can we use to determine whether or not causation exists in negligence? -
ANSWER - the "but for test": "but for" the actions of the defendant, the damages to
the plaintiff would not have occurred.
What are the two key elements that establish a duty of care? - ANSWER - 1.
Proximity: is it reasonably foreseeable that the defendant's conduct could harm the
plaintiff
2. Predictability: is it reasonably foreseeable that someone in the defendant's
position would have foreseen the risk of harm to the plaintiff
What's the difference between the duty and standard of care? - ANSWER - The duty
of care has to do with the closeness and predictability of the defendant and the
defendant's conduct to the plaintiff
The _standard_ of care has to do with the defendant's conduct and whether or not it
fell below the reasonable level of care that a defendant in their position would have
e.g. duty of care: a babysitter to a child. It is reasonably foreseeable that the actions
of the babysitter during and slightly before/after could affect the child.
The standard of care would be the level of care expected of a reasonable babysitter.
Who's job is it to prove whether or not the defendant fell below the standard of care?
- ANSWER - the plaintiff must show that the defendant fell below the level of care
that a reasonable person would have had in equivalent circumstances to the
defendant's position
When might the "but for" test be not applicable? In that case, what do courts do? -
ANSWER - in the case of multiple defendants in which the court is not able to
establish causation by one particular defendant (at no blame to the victim), we use
the "material contribution to risk" test:
establishing causation when the type of injury incurred by the plaintiff is that for
which the behaviour of the defendant created an unreasonable risk
(e.g. two hikers throwing stones carelessly, one of the stones end up hitting a biker,
biker gets hurt. Material contribution gives liability to both hikers)
, What are the two examples where assignment is automatic by operation of law? -
ANSWER - 1. Examples
2. Bankruptcy
3 Ways to get around the harsh rules not having privity? - ANSWER - 1. Novation
2. Vicarious performance
3. Trusts
Arthur calls Michelle one day and tells her that she just missed an exam because
she was sleeping. Arthur knew this was false, and thought it would be a funny prank.
If Michelle were to have a cause of action, what could it be? What would Michelle
have to prove? What are this tort's elements? - ANSWER - Tort: Intentional infliction
of mental distress
Elements: recognizable physical or psychopathological harm
and intent to cause harm by the defendant (in this case Arthur)
Michelle would have to prove that she actually experienced physical/emotional harm
as a result of this phone call.
Imaad's Pizzeria business (it's BACK) throws out all of its waste into the local park.
Imaad believes that since pizza waste smells like pizza and therefore smells
AMAZING, he's not doing anything wrong. Is he? - ANSWER - He is.
Public nuisance: unreasonable interference with the lawful use of public amenities or
public interest
Say Michelle's roti and doubles shop also enjoys putting waste into the local park just
like Imaad's pizzeria. Can Michelle claim public nuisance on Imaad? - ANSWER -
No, because Michelle was also doing something unlawful
The city however could claim public nuisance on the both of them :pepestand:
Jimmy owns a solar panel installation on a commercial rooftop. One day he finds that
Imaad's plants on top of his Pizzeria have started to encroach in on the solar panels
and now Jimmy's solar panels can't produce electricity. Does Jimmy have a cause of
action? If so, what does he need to do to prove that Imaad is liable? - ANSWER -
Cause of action: private nuisance
To prove Imaad is liable: nothing. It's a strict liability tort.
Michelle has always asked Imaad to hop in his trunk instead of sitting in the seat like
a normal person. One day, Imaad offers for Michelle to sit in the trunk. They drive to
Michelle's roti and doubles shop. Imaad leaves Michelle in the trunk overnight. She
didn't know what was going on. What cause of action might Michelle have (assuming
she's not dead). What's the key thing she would have to prove? - ANSWER -
Potential cause of action: false imprisonment
Key thing to prove: whether or not what Imaad did was intentional.
What are the two different kinds of defamation ? - ANSWER - 1. Libel
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