CCJ 4700 Questions and Answers New (2024/2025) Solved 100% Correct
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CCJ 4700
Cluster sample - A multistage sample in which natural groups (clusters) are sampled initially, with
the members of each selected group being subsampled afterward. For ex: you might select a sample of
municipal police department from a directory, get lists of the police officers at all the selecte...
CCJ 4700
Cluster sample - A multistage sample in which natural groups (clusters) are sampled initially, with
the members of each selected group being subsampled afterward. For ex: you might select a sample of
municipal police department from a directory, get lists of the police officers at all the selected
departments then draw samples of officers from each.
Quasi-experiment - A research design that includes most, but not all, elements of an experimental
design. Quasi means "sort of", and a Quasi-experiment is sort of an experiment. two general classes of
quasi-experiments are nonequivalent groups and time-series design.
Independent variable - An independent variable is persumed to cause or determine a dependent
variable. if we discover that police cynicism is partly a function of years of experience, than experience is
the independent variable and cynicism is the dependent variable. Note that any given variable might be
treated as independent in one part of an analysis. cynism might become an independent variable in the
explanation of job satisfaction
Dependent Variable - the variable assume to depend on or be caused by another variable (IV). If
you find that sentence length is partly a function of the number of prior arrests, then sentence length is
being treated as a dependent variable.
Experimental Group - in experimentation, a group of subjects who are exposed to an
experimental stimulus. Subjects in the experimental group are normally compared with subjects in a
control group to test the effects of the experimental stimulus (comparison group)
Experimental mortality - Cases that drop out of the study are different
Generalizability - That ability of a research finding that justifies the influence that it represents
something more than the specific observation on which it was based. sometimes this involves the
generalization of findings from a sample to a population. other times it is a matter of concepts; if you are
able to discover why people commit burglaries, can you generalize that discovery to other crimes as
well?
Instrumentation - Changes in the measurement process
, ex: if they use two different tests for the pretest and posttest.
Maturation - Natural (often age linked) change in the DV over time
Pretest - is a measure of the dependent variable taken before the implementation of the
independent variable
Posttest -
Randomization - A technique for randomly assigning experimental subjects to experimental
groups and control group
Selection Bias - Pre-existing differences between groups, or different potentials for change
Statistical regression - Imperfect reliability; sometimes a subject pretest score will be randomly
high or low
Testing - Taking the pretest may change the way subjects respond to posttest
Control group - -Not given the treatment
- Used to compare results from the experiment group
-in experimentation a group of subjects to whom no experimental group in all other respects. the
comparison of the control group and the experimental group at the end of the experiment indicates the
effect of the experimental stimulus
Confidence interval - the range of values within which a population parameter is established to
lie. A survey for instance may show that 40% of a sample favor a ban on handguns
Confidence level - the estimated probability that a population parameter lies within a given
confidence interval. thus we might be 95% confident that between 35 and 45% of all residents of
California favor an absolute ban of handguns
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