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SOP 3004 Final Exam Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Role - expectation held by the group for how members in particular positions ought to behave; a fraternity president may be expected to set the agenda for chapter meetings and confirm regularly with other Greek organizations, whereas a treasurer may be expected to collect dues and balance the ban...

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SOP 3004 Final Exam
Role - expectation held by the group for how members in particular positions ought to behave; a
fraternity president may be expected to set the agenda for chapter meetings and confirm regularly with
other Greek organizations, whereas a treasurer may be expected to collect dues and balance the bank
account



Realistic Group Conflict Theory - proposal that intergroup conflict, and negative prejudices and
stereotypes, emerge out of actual competition between groups for desired resources; people in the U.S.
that live on the border don't like Mexican immigrants competing for resources



Discrimination - behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership



Disidentify - to reduce in one's mind the relevance of a particular domain (e.g., academic
achievement) to one's self-esteem



Ingroup Bias - tendency to benefit members of one's own groups over members of other groups



Minimal Intergroup Paradigm - an experimental procedure in which short-term, arbitrary, artificial
groups are created to explore the foundations of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination;
overestimator vs underestimator experimet



Perceived Outgroup Homogeneity - phenomenon of overestimating the extent to which members
within other groups are similar to each other



Prejudice - generalized attitude toward members of a social group



Scapegoating - process of blaming members of other groups for one's frustrations and failures;
C.P. Ellis blaming blacks for his financial woes



Social Dominance Orientation - extent to which a person desires that his or her own group
dominate other groups and be socially and materially superior to them

, Social Identity - beliefs and feelings we have toward the groups to which we see ourselves
belonging; like C.P. Ellis, whose self image was elevated when he embraced the Klan and its white
Christian heritage, many of our self images are elevated by the pride we have in our group and ethnic
backgrounds



Authoritarianism - tendency to submit to those having greater authority and to denigrate those
having less authority; authoritarians are strongly prejudiced against members of minority groups, view
the world in simple black-white terms, and readily submit to authority figures



Stereotype - generalized belief about members of social groups; beliefs that reflect what we think
members of a particular group are like; not only can stereotypes be positive or negative, but people can
also hold positive stereotypes for groups whom they are negatively prejudice



Stereotype Threat - fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes held by others about
one's group; also makes it more difficult for people to perform up to their potential, especially on
difficult tasks; increases arousal, meantal load, dejection, and negative thoughts while also decreasing
effort and working memory capacity



Stereotyping - process of categorizing an individual as a member of a particular group and then
inferring that he or she possesses the characteristics generally held by members of that group



Cohesiveness - strength of the bonds among group members



Communication Network - pattern of information flow through a group



Deindividuation - process of losing one's sense or personal identity, which makes it easier to
behave in ways inconsistent with one's normal values



Dynamical System - system (e.g., a group) made up of many interacting elements (e.g., people)
that changes and evolves over time

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