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Industrial Psychology (Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update
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Influential Early 20th Century Scientists - Answer-- Hugo Munsterberg - Walter D. Scott - Frederick W. Taylor - Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Hugo Munsterberg - Answer-Interested in the design of work and personnel selection Walter D. Scott - Answer-Pioneered Industrial Psychology. He was the...

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Industrial Psychology (Exam 1
Questions with Correct Answers Latest
Update

Influential Early 20th Century Scientists - Answer-- Hugo Munsterberg
- Walter D. Scott
- Frederick W. Taylor
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Hugo Munsterberg - Answer-Interested in the design of work and personnel selection

Walter D. Scott - Answer-Pioneered Industrial Psychology. He was the first professor of
Industrial Psychology

Frederick W. Taylor - Answer-- Time and motion studies
- Scientific management

(F.T) Scientific Management - Answer-A movement started by Taylor, was a method of
using scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs.

(F.T) Time-and-motion Studies - Answer-Taylor developed time-and-motion studies-
procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component movements
timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - Answer-- Implemented principles of scientific management
- Revolutionized several physical labor jobs.
- They also worked with time-and-motion studies. They wrote Cheaper By The Dozen
concerning applying time-and-motion studies to their 12 children. They also applied it to
many other jobs.

WWI and 1920s - Answer-Robert Yerkes
- Worked with the U.S Army to develop intelligence tests for Army Recruits
- Alpha (for people who could read) and Beta Tests (for people who couldn't read)
James McKeen Cattell
- Opened one of the first I/O Consulting Organizations

Great Depression and WWII - Answer-Elton Mayo
- Conducted Hawthorne Experiments.
- Elton Mayo and his colleagues examined the effects of the physical environment on
worker productivity.
- In one particular study, they examined the effect of lighting on worker productivity.
Results of the study found that productivity increased regardless of level of lighting.

,Hawthorne Effect - Answer-The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior
occurring as a function of participants' knowledge that they are being observed and their
expectations concerning their role as research participants.

Human Relation Movement - Answer-The human relations movement was a movement
based on the studies of Elton Mayo that emphasizes the importance of social factors in
influencing work performance.

I/O Psych Trends (1) - Answer-First trend: The changing nature of work.
- Organizational downsizing refers to the strategy of reducing an organization's
workforce to improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness.

I/O Psych Trends (2) - Answer-Second Trend: Expanding focus on human resources.
- Competition for highly-skilled workers
- Growing number of low-skilled workers in the service industry.

I/O Psych Trends (3) - Answer-Third trend: Increasing diversity in the workforce.
- Workforce is becoming more diverse
- Women make up two thirds of all entering workers in the labor market.
- Ethnic minority group members make up one third of all entering workers.

I/O Psych Trends (4) - Answer-Fourth trend: Increasing globalization of business.
- More businesses are focusing on the global economy.
- Potential issues for worker training

CHAPTER 2 - Answer-...

Independent Variable - Answer-Variable manipulated by the researcher.

Dependent Variable - Answer-Variable that is affected (or acted upon) by the
independent variable.

Hypothesis - Answer-Hypotheses are statements about the supposed relationships
between or among variables.

Theory/Model - Answer-A theory or model is an organization of beliefs into a
representation of the factors that affect behavior.

Sampling - Answer-The selection of a representative group from a larger population for
study.

Random Sampling - Answer-Refers to the selection of research participants from a
population so that each individual has an equal probability of being chosen.

, Stratified Sampling - Answer-is the selection of research participants based on
categories representing important distinguishing characteristics of a population.

Experimental Design - Answer-- The experimental method is a research design
characterized by a high degree of control over the research setting to allow for the
determination of cause-and-effect relationships among variables.
- Typically conducted in the lab, though it can be applied to actual work setting.

Quasi-Experiment - Answer-- In many cases, a researcher does not have the control
over the situation needed to run a true experiment.
- Quasi-experiments involve comparison of pre-existing groups, where random
assignment of participants to groups is not possible.

Correlational Method - Answer-it is a research method that examines the relationship
between variables as they occur naturally.

Meta-Analysis - Answer-- Meta-analysis is a technique that allows results from several
different research studies to be combined and summarized.
- Meta-analyses typically rely on indicators of effect size, or estimates of the magnitude
of the relationship or effect found in a research investigation.

Operationalized? - Answer-Research variables are operationalized, or clearly defined,
so that they may be concretely measured.

Case Study - Answer-- The case study is a descriptive investigation that involves a one-
time assessment of behavior.
- Case studies often involve qualitative descriptions of behavior.

Observational Techniques - Answer-- Obtrusive Observation: research observation in
which the presence of the observer is known to the participants.
- Unobtrusive Observation: observation in which the presence of the observer is not
known to the participants.

Survey Techniques - Answer-- Self-report techniques are measurement methods that
rely on research participants' reports of their own behaviors or attitudes.
- Surveys are a common self-report measure in which participants are asked to report
on their attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviors.

Reliability - Answer-The stability or consistency of a measurement overtime.

Types of Error - Answer-- Random Response Error
- Transient Error
- Item Specific Factor

Random Response Error - Answer-Momentary variation in attention, mental efficiency,
distraction within a given occasion.

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