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LEGL4900 - Roessing - Exam 2 (Terminology) questions and answers.
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LEGL4900 - Roessing - Exam 2 (Terminology) questions and answers.
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LEGL4900 - Roessing - Exam2 (Terminology) questions
and answers
Inherent powers
Powers that are expressly granted to the president in Article II of
the Constitution
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 (Tariff Act of 193)
Act that raised tariffs on imported goods to historic highs at the
start of the Great Depression
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Executive order
An official, legally binding regulation or written directive issued by
the president, usually addressed to government officials,
departments, or agencies, and used to set policy and direct
government operations
Dole v. Carter
,Senator Dole sues Carter administration for giving Hungarian crown
back to Hungary (it had been held in US for safekeeping since
WWII), saying this amounted to a treaty without Senatorial
approval. Court says that this is not a treaty that requires senate
approval.
Article I, Section 8
"The Congress shall have the power...to regulate Commerce with
foreign nations, and among the several States"a
article 2
generally gives president powers from position as chief executive
and commander in chief—inherent powers, generally relating to
making treaties
article II section 1
"The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United
States of America."
Article 2 Section 2
the president shall have power, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators
concur
Presidential memorandum
A statement less formal than an executive order that often states in
its text that it does not create enforceable legal rights; it is often
used to give guidance or delegate routine presidential functions to
lower government officials
Presidential proclamation
A statement or declaration of the president usually addressed to the
general public announcing a finding or commemorating an event
Dole v. Carter
Senator Dole sues Carter administration for giving Hungarian crown
back to Hungary (it had been held in US for safekeeping since
WWII), saying this amounted to a treaty without Senatorial
approval. Court says that this is not a treaty that requires senate
approval.
Treaty power
,The authority of the United States to enter treaties pursuant to
Article II of the Constitution
treaty
requires 2/3 senate approval, rarely used now
Congressional-executive agreement
an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is
negotiated by the president and approved by a simple majority of
the House and Senate—more modern use
executive agreement pursuant to treaty
miscellaneous power to execute a treaty
executive agreement
an agreement between the president and the leader of another
country
Equal dignity rule
Rule stating that statutes and treaties are both of equal importance
in state and federal governments
Article I, Section 8
"The Congress shall have the power...to regulate Commerce with
foreign nations, and among the several States"a
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression. By taxing
imported goods, Congress hoped to stimulate American
manufacturing, but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other
countries, which further hindered global trade and led to greater
economic contraction.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934
Act that gave the president the authority needed to lower tariffs—
president brings deal to congress, they vote yes or no, used to make
USMCA
emergency powers
broad powers exercised by the president during times of national
crisis
, Section 731
anti dumping—when foreign nations sell products for cheaper prices
abroad than they do at home—drives out domestic business
remedy for anti dumping
president can impose a tariff to make up the difference between
their price and outs (LTFV)
section 701
countervailing duty—offset subsidies by foreign governments with
money, tax breaks, etc. This incentivizes that industry to produce
more and export more to the U.S
who investigates AD and CVD
commerce—largely political, agree with president and ITC—more
independent, get elected by president but can't be fired by him
Trade Expansion Act (1962)
section 232 tariffs—deal with national security. Aluminum and steel
—important military materials that we should not rely on foreign
nations for. Gives us opportunity to do stuff unilaterally for the sake
of national security
Trade Act of 1974, 201
safeguards—-allows president to impose temporary duties and other
trade measures if the ITC determine a surge in imports is a
substantial cause of injury to the U.S—solar panel tariff increasing
so that if U.S prices are way more than importing products, they
level off
trade act of 1974, 301
unfair practices—U.S trade representatives investigate. Retaliation
if trade violations—if you make complaint to WTO, they take a long
time to act, so you can impose 301 tariffs in the meantime if you
feel strongly you will win. Think China IP theft
international emergency economic powers act
enables the president to block financial transactions or restrict the
flow of trade with foreign countries, or seize the assets of
governments, individuals, or organizations responsible.
international trade commission
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