PSY 321 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified)
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PSY 321 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified) Which of the following statements best describes the study of personality? A. Personality psychologists are interested in how people react to different situations. B. Personality psychologists now recognize that early explanations of personality,...
Which of the following statements best describes the study of personality?
A. Personality psychologists are interested in how people react to different situations.
B. Personality psychologists now recognize that early explanations of personality, such
as Freud's psychoanalytic theory, are incorrect.
C. Personality psychologists are interested in consistent behavior patterns and
intrapersonal processes originating within the individual.
D. Personality psychologists are interested in the consistent behavior patterns caused
either by something about the person or by placing the person in the same situation.
When personality researchers use the term individual differences they are referring to
A. fluctuations in behavior patterns for individual situations.
B. the consistent behavior patterns that individuals display across situations.
C. the different behavior patterns individuals display across time.
D. the interpersonal processes that originate within the individual.
Although Sally is well behaved and polite at home, she can be really mean to the other
children at school. Psychologists who adhere to the trait approach to personality would
say Sally's behavior
A. is a reaction to changing feelings of self-acceptance.
B. results from conditioning and expectations.
C. can be identified along a continuum of personality characteristics.
D. is the result of unconscious mental activity.
A personality psychologist who focuses on the stable patterns of aggressive behavior in
schoolchildren that may be related to inherited predispositions and physiological
processes follows the ________ approach.
A. psychoanalytic
B. humanistic
C. biological
D. behavioral/social learning
Greg believes that aggressive behavior in his coworkers is an expression of frustration
that results from unsatisfied basic needs. He believes in the ________ approach to the
study of personality.
A. biological
B. behavioral/social learning
,C. humanistic
D. cognitive
According to the psychoanalytic approach, a diagnosis of depression is most likely
A. due to a malfunction of receptors in the brain.
B. due to low self-esteem.
C. a result of feelings of hostility turned inward.
D. predictable from earlier episodes of sadness and loneliness.
Depression can be best explained by how situations are interpreted and processed
through the most highly accessible thoughts according to the ________ approach.
A. trait
B. behavioral/social learning
C. psychoanalytic
D. cognitive
Which of these is not a characteristic of an individual in a collectivist culture?
A. Success identified with personal achievement
B. Success identified with group doing well
C. Belonging to a larger group
D. Cooperation
By __________ we mean the ways psychologists measure the personality constructs
that are of interest to them.
A. "actualization"
B. "application"
C. "assessment"
D. "articulation"
Your text describes four components that are necessary for a complete understanding
of personality. Which one refers to a comprehensive model of how human personality is
structured and how it operates?
A. application
B. research
C. theory
D. assessment
Personality researchers take steps to discover the nature of personality in which order?
A. Speculate, collect data, generate hypotheses
B. Generate hypotheses, evaluate data, speculate
, C. Collect data, evaluate data, speculate
D. Generate hypotheses, collect data, evaluate data
A researcher divides participants into those who suffer from insomnia and those who
sleep well. He compares the two groups on the number of hours each spends at leisure
activities in an average week. He finds the insomniacs spend significantly fewer hours
at such activities than do the participants who sleep well. In this example, the number of
hours spent at leisure activities is
A. the independent variable.
B. the hypothesis.
C. confounded with which group the participant is in.
D. the dependent variable.
Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect
when they conduct research using which of the following?
A. Correlation coefficients
B. Case studies
C. Nonmanipulated independent variables
D. Manipulated independent variables
A statistically significant finding can sometimes be the result of chance fluctuation. This
concern can be eased by
A. making predictions before seeing the data.
B. using case studies.
C. using manipulated independent variables.
D. replication.
Which of the following is correct about the case study method?
A. It has been used almost exclusively by psychologists from the psychoanalytic
perspective.
B. Sometimes it is more appropriate than conducting an experiment.
C. It is used only to generate hypotheses and illustrate treatments.
D. It should only be used when a large number of participants cannot be examined.
Which of the following is correct about interpreting the results of statistical tests?
A. If a probability value falls above .05, then the results will have to be replicated before
we can have confidence in them.
B. Obtaining a probability value of .05 gives us confidence that the findings are not the
result of chance but does not eliminate this possibility.
C. Obtaining a probability value of .05 tells us the difference between groups is
definitely not caused by chance fluctuation.
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