PHYSICS FOR MEDICAL RADIATION - EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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PHYSICS FOR MEDICAL RADIATION -
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PHYSICS FOR MEDICAL RADIATION -
Physics - ANSWER-The science of space, time, matter, energy and their interactions at the most fundamental level.
Time - ANSWER-Dimension that relates to when events occur.
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Energy - ANSWER-The ability to do work
Medical Radiatio...
PHYSICS FOR MEDICAL RADIATION - EXAM 1
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Physics - ANSWER-The science of space, time, matter, energy and their interactions at
the most fundamental level.
Time - ANSWER-Dimension that relates to when events occur.
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Energy - ANSWER-The ability to do work
Medical Radiations/Radiology - ANSWER-The application of different types of radiation
to the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Radiation is the energy that is emitted and transferred through space.
What are the specialties within Medical Imaging? - ANSWER-- Radiography - X-rays to
produce images.
- Computed Tomography: A rotating X-ray beam to image "slices" of the body.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Strong magnetic field and radio waves to image the
body.
- Medical Sonography: reflected sound waves to produce images of organs and tissues
in the body.
- Nuclear Med: administrating trace amounts of a radioactive substance to a patient and
detecting emitted radiation to form a body part.
Radiation Therapy - ANSWER-The use of targeted doses of radiation to a patient's
body to treat cancer.
Accuracy - ANSWER-How close a measured or calculated quantity is to the actual or
true value.
Precision - ANSWER-The extent to which repeated measurements give the same value
Precision is indicated by its significant figures
- When adding or subtracting: the decimal places of the least number of decimal places
is used
- When multiplying or dividing: rounded to the number with least number of significant
figures.
Direct proportionality - ANSWER-If x increases, Y will increase in direct proportion.
Slope equation - ANSWER-Change in Y/Change in X
,Inversely proportionality - ANSWER-If X increases, Y decreases in proportionality
What are the three most fundamental qualities within physics? - ANSWER-Length (m),
Mass (kg) and Seconds (s)
What is the fundamental unit for length (metres) based on? - ANSWER-The speed of
light
What is the fundamental unit for mass (kilogram) based on? - ANSWER-The metal
cylinder kept on Paris
What is the fundamental unit for time (seconds) based on? - ANSWER-The vibration of
Cesium atom
What are the other SI units? - ANSWER-Ampere - Electrical current
Kelvin - Temperature
Mol - amount of substance
Candela - Luminous intensity
Derived quantities and units - ANSWER-Area: Square meter (m^2)
Volume: Cubic meter (m^3)
Velocity: Meter per second (m/s)
Electric charge: Coulomb (C)
Potential difference & emf: Voltage (V)
Energy: Joule (J)
Tera (T) - ANSWER-10^12
Giga (G) - ANSWER-10^9
Mega (M) - ANSWER-10^6
Kilo (K) - ANSWER-10^3
Deci (D) - ANSWER-10^-1
Centi (C) - ANSWER-10^-2
Milli (m) - ANSWER-10^-3
Micro (mu) - ANSWER-10^-6
Nano (n) - ANSWER-10^-9
Pico (p) - ANSWER-10^-12
Activity - ANSWER-Activity is the number of disintegrations per seconds.
, Atomic nuclei can be radioactive and disintegrate by emitting alpha, beta or gamma
particles.
Unit: disintegration per second = Becquerels (Bq) (Old unit was curie, Ci)
Exposure - ANSWER-An ionising radiation is radiation that has sufficient energy to
ionise
This is divided into Particulate radiation (neutrons, electrons, alpha + beta) and
electromagnetic radiation (X-rays and Y-rays)
Exposure is only for electromagnetic radiation and calculates the amount of electric
charge liberated per unit mass of air.
Unit: Coulomb per kilogran (C/kg) (old unit: roentgen)
Absorbed Dose - ANSWER-Absorbed dose measures the amount of energy deposited
per unit mass for any ionising radiation.
Absorbed dose and exposure are proportional to each other according to: dose =
exposure x f factor. f factor depends on: the energy of the radiation and the nature of
the absorbing material.
Unit: joule per kilogram (J/Kg) (Old unit: rad)
Equivalent dose - ANSWER-Considers the biological hazard presented by radiation.
Equivalent dose = absorbed dose x radiation weighting (quality factor).
Unit: Joule per kilogram (J/Kg = sievert, Sv)
Effective Dose - ANSWER-Same as equivalent dose through a weighting factor - takes
into account that different organs have different sensitivity to radiation.
Unit: Sievert, Sv
Air Kerma - ANSWER-Kinetic Energy Released Per Unit Mass of Absorber
Unit: Gray, Gy
Background radiation - ANSWER-Ionising radiation that individuals are commonly
exposed to - consisted of 80% natural sources and 20% man-made sources.
What are the major components of natural background radiation? - ANSWER-Cosmic
rays - Energetic protins that bombard the earth from outer space.
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