IB Biology, Ecology Final Exam Study Test.
Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments.
Organism - CORRECT ANSWER an individual living thing that uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops
Species - CORRECT ANSWER a group...
Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER The science of the relationships between organisms and their
environments.
Organism - CORRECT ANSWER an individual living thing that uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows,
and develops
Species - CORRECT ANSWER a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Population - CORRECT ANSWER group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at
same time
Community - CORRECT ANSWER a number of different populations living and interacting in the same
area (all the living things in an area)
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER a community and its abiotic environment (all the living things in an area
interacting with the non-living things)
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - also known as a producer
- an organism capable of making its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy.
- eg. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria
Heterotroph - CORRECT ANSWER An organism that obtains organic food molecules by consuming other
organisms or substances derived from them.
Carbon cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between
organisms and the environment
, Energy flow - CORRECT ANSWER energy from the sun is captured by producers and passed along food
chains by consumption and decomposition. Energy is lost at each stage.
Trophic level - CORRECT ANSWER each step in a food chain or food web. producers are at level 1.
Food web - CORRECT ANSWER network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships
among the various organisms in an ecosystem (all interconnected food chains)
Food chain - CORRECT ANSWER shows the transfer of energy along a feeding relationship from
producers along the different trophic levels
Pyramid of energy - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram to show the energy contained in a food chain, web or
community
10% Rule - CORRECT ANSWER the idea that only 10% of the energy in one trophic level gets passed onto
the next trophic level due to losses of heat (respiration), feces, decomposition, etc
Producer - CORRECT ANSWER organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
Consumer - CORRECT ANSWER organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply;
also called a heterotroph
Primary Consumer - CORRECT ANSWER Consumer that feeds directly on producers; (animals that feed
on plants, algae or phytoplankton)
Secondary Consumer - CORRECT ANSWER An organism that eats primary consumers; (animals that
generally feed on herbivores)
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