Psyc 140 Final Exam Study Guide Questions With Complete And Verified Solutions.
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PSYC 140
What is psychology? - correct answer the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Introspection - correct answer examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
Behaviorism - correct answer ...
What is psychology? - correct answer the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes
Introspection - correct answer examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
Behaviorism - correct answer the science of behavior that focuses on observable
behavior only
Structuralism - correct answer early school of thought promoted by Wundt and
Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Humanism - correct answer An intellectual movement that focused on human
potential and achievements
Functionalism - correct answer a school of psychology that focused on how mental
and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Psychoanalytic - correct answer study of the unconscious, includes childhood and
aggression issues
confirmation bias - correct answer a tendency to search for information that
confirms one's preconceptions
belief perseverance - correct answer tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even
when evidence contradicts them
hindsight bias - correct answer "I knew it all along"
,Overconfidence - correct answer the tendency to be more confident than correct
placebo effect - correct answer the phenomenon in which the expectations of the
participants in a study can influence their behavior
confounding variable - correct answer in an experiment, a factor other than the
independent variable that might produce an effect
random assignment - correct answer placing research participants into the
conditions of an experiment in such a way that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned
to any level of the independent variable
naturalist vs structured observation - correct answer Naturalistic observation is
used to observe people in their natural habitat, structured observation involves coding a small number
of behaviors in a quantitative manner, case studies are typically used to collect in-depth
Control vs. Experimental Group - correct answer the experimental group is the
group that is tested on, compared to the control group (the one that isn't tested on)
Single Blind vs. Double Blind - correct answer single= participants don't know which
group they are assigned to
double= resarchers nor participants know
positive correlation vs negative correlation - correct answer positive- one variable
increasing causes the other variable to increase or vise versa
negative- one variable increasing, other decreasing
Types of Psychological Research - correct answer descriptive research = depict what
already exists in a group without the goal of changing it (ex. who you voted for in elections)
correlational research= connection between two or more variables (ex. study that tests if males and
females would either buy a classical or jazz cd)
experimental research = if one variable effects the other (does low sleep effect driving)
applied = seeks to solve problems
,nervous system - correct answer the network of nerve cells and fibers that
transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
circulatory system - correct answer Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones,
heat, etc... around the body
endocrine system - correct answer the body's "slow" chemical communication
system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
limbic system - correct answer neural system (including the hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and
drives.
action potential - correct answer nerve impulse
Neurotransmitters - correct answer chemical messengers
split brain - correct answer a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain
are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them
Excitatory vs. Inhibitory - correct answer neurons differ in their "readiness" to fire.
excitatory=lower threshold, more ready to fire; inhibitory=higher threshold, more hesitant to fire
sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system - correct answer sympathetic (fight
or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)
Soma - correct answer cell body
Dendrites - correct answer receive messages from other cells
, Axon - correct answer A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve
impulses away from the cell body.
terminal branches - correct answer The branched end of the axon that contains
neurotransmitters.
myelin sheath - correct answer a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons
of some neurons
synaptic gap - correct answer space between the axon terminal of one neuron and
the receptors of the next neuron
major neurotransmitters - correct answer *acetylcholine (ACh)- enables muscle
action, learning, and memory- .
*dopamine- influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion-
*serotonin- affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal-
*norepinephrine- helps control alertness and arousal .
*GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
*glutamate- a major excitatory neurotransmitter
*endorphins- associated with emotions and pain perception.
Different types of neurons - correct answer sensory, motor, interneurons
4 lobes of the brain - correct answer frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Conciousness - correct answer our awareness of ourselves and our environment
cognitive neuroscience - correct answer study of the physical changes in the brain
and nervous system during thinking
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