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Anatomy CMB2007 Exam Questions And Verified Detailed Answers Latest Update
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Anatomy CMB2007 Exam Questions And Verified DetailedAnswers Latest Update
What is the role of the aorta? - Answer Leaves the heart, carries high pressure
oxygenated blood to the body in the systemic circulation
What do the heart valves do? - Answer Prevent backflow of blood
Where are the atrioventricular valves? - Answer Between the atria and ventricles
When do the atrioventricular valves prevent backflow? - Answer During systole
What do the atrioventricular valves consist of? - Answer Leaf shaped cusps
When and how do the atrioventricular valves close? - Answer Increased pressure during
systole causes the valves to close. Papillary muscles and chordate tendineae attached
to the cusps prevent inversion
Where is the tricuspid valve? - Answer Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the mitral valve? - Answer Between the left atrium and left ventricle
What do semilunar valves do? - Answer Prevent backflow during diastole
Where are the semilunar valves? - Answer Between the ventricles and the great vessels
Where is the aortic valve? - Answer Between the left ventricle and the aorta
,Where is the pulmonary valve? - Answer Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
What are the spaces behind the aortic valves called? - Answer Aortic sinuses
What are the heart sounds? - Answer One corresponding with the closure of the
atrioventricular valves (lub) and one corresponding with the closure of the semilunar
valves (dub)
What are the 4 borders of the heart? - Answer - right border
- inferior border
- left border
- superior border
Where is the right border? - Answer Formed by the right atrium, extends from the
superior to inferior vena cava
Where is the inferior border? - Answer Roughly horizontal and mostly formed by the
right ventricle with a small contribution from the left ventricle
Where is the left border? - Answer Mostly formed from the left ventricle with the superior
portion being formed by the auricular appendage of the left atrium
Where is the superior border? - Answer Formed by both atria, the aorta and pulmonary
trunk arise from this border and the superior vena cava enters the heart at the right side
of the superior border
What is the anterior surface? - Answer Mostly formed from the right ventricle, related
anteriorly to the sternum and ribs
,What is the inferior surface? - Answer Formed mostly by the left and partly from the right
ventricle, related inferiority to the centre of the diaphragm
What is the left surface? - Answer Formed mostly by the left ventricle, related laterally
with the left lung and occupies a depression in the lung
Where is the base of the heart situated? - Answer On the posterior aspect, directed
towards the vertebrae T6-9
What is the base of the heart formed of? - Answer Mostly from the left and partly from
the right atrium, extends from the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk superiorly to te
atrioventricular groove inferiorly
Where does the apex of the heart lie? - Answer Posterior to the 5th intercostal space in
the midclavicular line, directed antero-inferiorly and to the left
What are the papillary muscles? - Answer Extensions of the muscle of the ventricular
wall in both the left and right ventricles
What are the papillary muscles attached to? - Answer The mitral and tricuspid valves via
the inextensible papillary tendons
What happens to the papillary muscles during systole? - Answer They contract and
prevent the valves from inverting as a result of the high pressures created in the
contracting ventricle
Where is the aorta? - Answer Ascends from the heart to the level of T4 where it loops
over to the left in the arch of the aorta and descends through the throat and abdomen as
the descending aorta
What is the first branch of the aorta called? - Answer The brachiocephalic trunk
, What does the braciocephalic trunk spilt into? - Answer The right subclavian artery and
the right common carotid artery
What are the other branches of the aortic arch called? - Answer The left common
carotid artery and the left subclavian artery
Where do the common carotid arteries arise from? - Answer The arch of the aorta
Where do the common carotid arteries divide? - Answer At the level of C3
What do the common carotid arteries divide into? - Answer Internal and external carotid
arteries
What is the internal carotid artery? - Answer The major blood supply to the brain
What is the external carotid artery? - Answer The major blood supply to the face, neck
and scalp
What is the subclavian artery? - Answer The major blood supply to the arm, thoracic
wall, shoulder and neck on it's respective side, it gives off arterial branches throughout
the upper limb
What supplies the heart with blood (as in for its action not inside)? - Answer The
coronary arteries
Where do the coronary arteries arise from? - Answer Immediately superior to the cusps
of the aortic valve from the aortic sinuses
What are the three sinuses of the aortic valve? - Answer - posterior sinus
- left aortic sinus
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