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Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6e (Santrock) Chapter 2 Biological Beginnings
1) Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red feathers are better able t...
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,Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6e (Santrock)
Chapter 2 Biological Beginnings
1) Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red
feathers are better able to survive and avoid predators. This means that the population of red-
feathered birds will increase in future generations. This illustrates the process of
A) genetic selection.
B) natural adaptation.
C) natural selection.
D) genetic survival.
2) introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859.
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Charles Darwin
C) Stephen Hawking
D) Wilhelm Wundt
3) If a baboon learns to eat different kinds of fruit instead of relying on only one kind for its
nutritive needs, we would argue that this behavior promotes its survival. Thus, the behavior is
A) adaptive.
B) aggressive.
C) dominant.
D) submissive.
4) Evolution takes place
A) over the course of many generations.
B) almost immediately.
C) when a species is ready for it.
D) because of active attempts at change on the part of a species.
5) Psychology's newest approach, , emphasizes the importance of adaptation,
reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior.
A) behavioral psychology
B) humanistic psychology
C) cognitive psychology
D) evolutionary psychology
6) According to evolutionary developmental psychologists, many evolved psychological
mechanisms are _. That is, the mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's
psychological makeup.
A) domain-specific
B) maladjusted
C) nonoperational
D) unconditional
,7) Which of the following statements is true of evolutionary developmental psychology?
A) Many evolved psychological mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's
psychological makeup.
B) The mind is a general-purpose device that can be applied equally to a vast array of problems.
C) All behaviors that were adaptive for our prehistoric ancestors serve us well today.
D) Evolution has not impacted human development.
8) The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when
food is available and to crave high-caloric foods, a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity
when food is plentiful. This illustrates how
A) socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings.
B) evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
C) organisms pass on characteristics they acquire during their lifetime to their offspring.
D) the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age.
9) In the context of evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura (1998) acknowledged that
A) "one-sided evolutionism" is primarily used to explain social behavior.
B) evolutionary pressures created changes in biological structures.
C) evolution dictated behavior.
D) social behavior is strictly a product of evolved biology.
10) As an alternative to " evolutionism" presented in evolutionary psychology, Albert
Bandura proposed a view.
A) bidirectional; unidirectional
B) one-sided; bidirectional
C) dynamic; linear
D) balanced; biased
11) A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of
A) social influence.
B) environmental influence.
C) adaptive behavior.
D) genetic code.
12) is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and
contains genetic information.
A) RNA
B) A chromosome
C) DNA
D) A ribosome
13) , the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.
A) Genes
B) Chromosomes
C) RNA
, D) Ribosomes
14) The nucleus of each human cell contains , which are threadlike structures made up
of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) chromosomes
D) mesosomes
15) are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's
processes.
A) Genes
B) Proteins
C) Ribosomes
D) DNA
16) Adam, who has a cardiovascular disease, participated in a research study to identify genetic
variations linked to cardiovascular disease. His DNA, along with DNA from other patients
suffering from the same cardiovascular disease, was obtained. For the purpose of comparison,
the researchers also took DNA samples from participants who did not have the disease. Each
participant's DNA was assessed to determine markers of genetic variation. The researchers found
that genetic variations occurred more frequently in people who had the cardiovascular disease.
This led them to pinpoint the region in the human genome linked to the disease. Which of the
following approaches to gene identification and discovery did the researchers use in this study?
A) next-generation sequencing
B) linkage analysis
C) the Thousand Genomes Project
D) the genome-wide association method
17) In the context of approaches to gene identification and discovery, , in which the
goal is to discover the location of a gene (or genes) in relation to a marker gene (whose position
is already known), is often used to search for disease-related genes.
A) the Thousand Genomes Project
B) genome-wide association
C) linkage analysis
D) next-generation sequencing
18) Which of the following statements is true of the activity of genes?
A) Genes are not collaborative.
B) A single gene codes for a single, specific protein.
C) Genetic expression is unaffected by environmental factors.
D) Events that occur inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression.
19) Scientists have found that certain genes become turned on or off as a result of exercise
mainly through a process called , in which tiny atoms attached themselves to the
outside of a gene.
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