HSA 3111 Final Exam with complete
solutions 2024/2025
In the past, patient behaviors within the healthcare delivery system were formed
from the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who expected
patients to be compliant and grateful. Today, health care providers and
consumers - ANSWER-encourage more proactive roles for patients' participation
in health care decisions with "shared decision-making"
The U.S. healthcare delivery system has numerous stakeholders. In terms of
financial power, control of delivery system parameters for the majority of
Americans, and influence on consumers and providers of health care, which of
the following pairs of stakeholders is the most influential - ANSWER-Government
and private health insurers
Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary
prevention refers to: - ANSWER-health education and specific protection
In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to -
ANSWER-Behavioral, genetic, environmental and other factors that may
contribute to an individual's likelihood of contracting a disease
Americans spend $9 billion + each year on alternative and complementary
therapies. This trend has caused - ANSWER-many private insurers and Medicare
and Medicaid to provide benefit coverage for certain treatments
,The service priorities of the U.S. health care system reflect America's fascination
with dramatic high-tech medicine. As a result - ANSWER-- little of the health care
dollar is spent on prevention
- the US system is the most expensive in the world
- the US has the world's most advanced medical capability
U.S. annual health care expenditures far outstrip those of 7 other developed
nations. In relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status ranking
on critical indicators in comparison with those other developed nations is -
ANSWER-Dismally lower
Potential conflicts of interest occur when physicians own or invest in businesses
(e.g. diagnostic, medical supply companies) to which they can refer patients to
generate profits. In response to these physician conflict of interest issues -
ANSWER-The ACA includes "Sunshine provisions" require reporting of all
financial transactions and transfers of value between pharmaceutical/biologic
product manufacturers and physicians, hospitals and other entities reimbursed
by the federal government
Long term care needs of older, chronically ill Americans pose a particular
delivery system challenge because - ANSWER-Neither Medicare nor private
insurance support ongoing, non-acute services
The major health care advances of the second half of the 20th century were in the
area of - ANSWER-vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious
diseases, tranquilizers, the birth control pill
Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for
decades, was modeled after - ANSWER-Baylor University Hospital's school
teachers plan
The Medicaid program has a history of very low reimbursement as compared with
Medicare reimbursement; critics site low Medicaid reimbursement as a major
reason that primary care doctors have rejected serving the Medicaid population.
An ACA provision addresses this issue by - ANSWER-Reimbursing states for
primary care physician fees for Medicaid patients at no less than100% of
Medicare payment rates
The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the
following? - ANSWER-- Encouragement for physicians' specialization
- Higher costs of health care
, - Medical school efforts to attract more students to primary care
As early as the 19th century some Americans carried "health insurance" through
employers, fraternal orders, guilds, trade associations, unions or commercial
insurance companies. However unlike health insurance of today, these insurance
policies only provided for - ANSWER-Fixed payments to compensate for lost
wages due to injury, sickness or disability
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a response to which of the following -
ANSWER-public and professional concerns about painful and demeaning
terminal medical care
The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital
insurance plans suggested that the plans: - ANSWER-Were unsound and
unethical
A central provision of the ACA to assure health care coverage for most
Americans is - ANSWER-the individual mandate
The most significant social legislation passed by any Congress in the history of
the United States was the - ANSWER-Social Security Act of 1935
To receive incentive payments for demonstrating "meaningful use," providers
must meet criteria in three stages of EHR implementation. In what stage must
providers meet objectives for "capturing patient data and sharing data in a
standardized format with patients and other health care professionals? -
ANSWER-Stage 1
Two primary issues that concerned many regarding the ACA - ANSWER-
individual mandate & Medicaid expansion
HIPAA implementation introduced several new provisions beneficial to
individuals. Other than the privacy provision concerning patient data, which other
was an important provision - ANSWER-Elimination of preexisting periods for
individuals moving from job-to-job
Which of the following is synonymous with an EHR - ANSWER-None of the above
(Remember, EMR, EHR, PHR are all different)
This key Act provided financial incentive programs for physicians to buy, install
and adopt EHR systems - ANSWER-HITECH Act
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