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CRIM1000 Final Exam Revision Questions With Correct Solutions 2024
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CRIM1000 Final Exam Revision QuestionsWith Correct Solutions 2024
What .are .the .*three .frames .of .reference* .and .what .do .they .each .essentially .claim? .-
.correct .answer.*Classical .Criminology:* .People .are .rational, .acting .with .free .will
*Positivist .Criminology:* .Deviant .behaviour .is .determined .by .factors .beyond .an
.individual's .control
*Critical .Crimonology:* .Deviance .is .legally .constructed .by .those .in .power
According .to .*classical .crimonology*, .humans .are .__________, .and .there .are
.implications .for .__________. .- .correct .answer.According .to .classical .criminology,
.humans .are:
- .Self-interested. .Maximise .pleasure .and .minimise .pain
- .Rational: .decide .what .is .in .our .best .interest
- .'Weighers' .of .costs .and .benefits
- .So, .crime .is .a .product .of .free .will, .not .the .supernatural
There .are .implications .for:
- .Punishment
According .to .*positivist .criminology*, .__________, .and .there .are .implications .for
.___________. .- .correct .answer.According .to .positivist .criminology:
- .Criminal .behaviour .is .determined .by .outside .factors .(not .free .will)
- .Science .can .identify .causes .of .crime
- .Identifiable .and .measurable .criteria
- .Focus .on .criminal .actors, .not .acts
There .are .implications .for:
- .Response
According .to .*critical .criminology*, .__________. .- .correct .answer.According .to .critical
.criminology:
- .The .most .powerful .groups .get .to .make .the .laws .and .define .what .is/is .not .a .crime
- .Assumes .NO .agreement .in .society .about .appropriate .ways .to .behave
- .There .is .group .or .class .struggle
- .Punishment .reflects .the .interest .of .the .powerful .groups
,What .is .*deviance*? .- .correct .answer.Deviance .is .*behaviour* .that .elicits .a .social .reaction
.by .violating .the .standard .of .conduct .defined .by .society.
Deviance .is .*behaviour* .that .violates .the .normative .rules, .understandnings .or
.expectations .of .social .systems.
Social .norms .fall .into .4 .categories .from .*less .deviant* .to .*more .deviant*. .Name .these
.categories. .- .correct .answer.*Less .deviant*
1. .Folkways .- .non-binding .social .conventions
2. .Mores .- .strong .convictions .about .right .and .wrong
3. .Taboo .- .prohibition .of .socially .offensive .acts
4. .Laws .- .strongest .norms, .written .formal .decrees
What .are .the .*four .different .perspectives* .of .crime? .- .correct .answer.1. .*Sociological
.Perspective:* .Crime .is .behaviour .that .threatens .social .disorder
2. .*Political .Perspective:* .Crime .is .a .socially .constructed .behaviour
3. .*Psychological .Perspective:* .Crime .is .a .maladaptive .behaviour
4. .*Legal .Perspective:* .Crime .is .a .behaviour .that .violates .criminal .codes .and .statuses
__________ .and .__________ .*must* .be .present .to .constitute .a .crime. .- .correct
.answer.*Act* .(or .omission) .and .*intent* .must .be .present .to .constitute .a .crime.
What .is .*actus .reus* .and .*mens .rea*? .- .correct .answer.*Actus .rea:* .conduct .that .caused
.the .crime .(act)
*Mens .rea:* .prescribed .state .of .mind .(intent)
Very .generally, .explain .what .the .general .consensus .is .for .crime .and .age. .- .correct
.answer.All .*adults* .have .the .necessary .mental .capacity .to .make .judgements .and .take
.responsibility .for .actions/
BUT .*children* .under .10 .are .deemed .incapable .of .committing .a .criminal .act.
List .reasons .for .why .we .measure .crime. .- .correct .answer.- .Understand .the .nature .&
.extent .of .crime .in .society
- .Track .crime .trends .& .newly .emerging .crime .problems
- .Evaluate .policies .& .spending .aimed .at .controlling .and .preventing .crime
- .Evaluate .theories .of .crime/criminal .behaviour
Assess .the .limitations/inaccuracies .of .crime .statistics
What .are .two .data .sources .used .to .measure .crime? .- .correct .answer.Administrative .data
.resources .and .self-reported .data.
,Where .do .*administrative .data .sources* .come .from? .- .correct .answer.- .Data .recorded .by
.police, .courts, .corrections .and .other .criminal .justice .agencies
- .e.g., .recorded .crime .rates, .arrest .rates, .conviction .rates, .imprisonment .rates
- .Statistics .provided .by .State .and .Territory .police, .courts .and .corrections .and .the
.Australian .Bureau .of .Statistics .(ABS)
How .are .crimes .classified? .- .correct .answer.Violent, .property, .other
What .are .some .benefits .of .administrative .data .sources? .- .correct .answer.- .Coverage .-
.generally .a .census .of .all .reported .incidents
- .Possibility .of .comparing .across .jurisdictions .and .over .time .(with .caveats)
- .A .measure .of .system .operational .functioning .and .cost
- .A .measure .of .system .impact .on .society
- .Possible .to .apply .rates .for .improved .comparison
What .are .some .limitations .of .administrative .data? .- .correct .answer.Undercounting
.requires
- .(1) .Recognition
- .(2) .Reporting
- .(3) .Recording
Jurisdictional .differences:
- .e.g., .recording .and .counting .procedures
Changing .legal .and .social .conditions:
- .e.g., .mandatory .reporting .laws, .legislation .for .stalking
Seasonal .variation
What .does .the .*Crime .Funnel* .entail? .- .correct .answer.- .Actual .offences .(1,000)
- .Reported .to .police .(410)
- .Recorded .by .police .(287)
- .Charged/summoned .(37)
- .Proceed .against .at .court .(21)
- .Found .guilty .(15)
- .Prison .(4)
What .does .the .*Crime .Funnel* .suggest? .- .correct .answer.Fewer .crimes .are .detected .and
.punished .by .the .criminal .justice .system .than .the .number .actually .committed.
Name .some .crimes .for .which .people .report .and .reasons .for .not .not .reporting .them. .-
.correct .answer.*Crimes .for .which .people .report:*
1. .Motor .Vehicle .Theft
2. .Break-in
3. .Theft .from .MV
4. .Malicious .property .damage
, 5. .Attempted .break-in
6. .Other .theft
*Reasons .for .not .reporting*
1. .Trivial/unimportant
2. .Believe .nothing .could .be .done
3. .Believe .police .unwilling
4. .Personal
5. .Told .someone .else
6. .Nothing .stolen
What .does .*self-reported .data* .entail? .- .correct .answer.- .Self-reported .crime .and
.delinquency .surverys .(we .ask .you .you .to .tell .us .about .your .offending)
- .Victimisation .surveys .(we .ask .you .to .tell .us .about .your .victimisation)
What .do .we .learn .from .self-report .*crime* .and .delinquency .surveys? .- .correct .answer.-
.Most .people .participate .in .some .forms .of .crime/delinquency .but .offending .is .trivial
- .Few .offenders .are .responsible .for .many .crimes
- .Gets .at .some .victimless .crimes .(e.g. .drug .use)
- .Give .us .a .better .understanding .of .causes .of .offending
What .do .we .learn .from .self-report .*victimisation* .and .delinquency .surveys? .- .correct
.answer.- .Vast .majority .of .people .are .not .victimised
- .Greater .levels .of .crime .than .reported .in .official .statistics
- .Helps .us .to .understand .when .and .why .people .report .to .the .police
- .Helps .us .to .understand .the .causes .and .consequences .of .victimisation
What .are .some .limitations .of .*self-report .crime .and .delinquency .surveys*? .- .correct
.answer.- .Limited .types .of .crime .and .specific .target .groups
- .Over-reporting .(exaggeration)
- .Respondent .understanding, .memory .and .truthfulness .(or .willingness .to .report)
What .are .some .limitations .of .*self-report .victimisation .surveys*? .- .correct .answer.- .Can't
.measure .victimless .crimes
- .Respondent .understanding, .memory .and .truthfulness .(or .willingness .to .report)
What .did .Farrell .conclude .about .the .crime .drop .in .the .United .States? .- .correct
.answer.The .one .big .factor .that .has .a .causal .inference .in .reducing .crime .has .been .an
.improvement .in .technology .(improved .security).
What .does .the .evidence .suggest .might .explain .the .crime .drop .in .Australia? .- .correct
.answer.Crime .drop .explanation .in .Australia .comes .from:
1. .Declining .heroin .use
2. .Increasing .imprisonment .
3. .Improving .economic .conditions .(apart .from .GFC) .
4. .Ageing .population
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