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AQA PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

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AQA PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Who was Wundt? The 'father of psychology' What did Wundt do? Opened first lab in Leipzig, used introspection to study consciousness What is introspection? A method where subjects analyse their o...

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AQA PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

LATEST UPDATE


Who was Wundt?


The 'father of psychology'


What did Wundt do?


Opened first lab in Leipzig, used introspection to study consciousness


What is introspection?


A method where subjects analyse their own thoughts and feelings in relation to a stimulus (studies

sensation and perception) using a standardised procedure


What are the limitations of introspection?


Subjective, unfalsifiable


How did Wundt attempt to make introspection scientific?


He used standardised procedures in a controlled environment


What features make something a science? (5)


Hypothesis testing, Objectivity, Replicability, Falsifiability, Empirical


Which approaches take the most scientific (nomothetic) approach to psychology?

,Behaviourist, Cognitive, Biological


Which approaches take the least scientific approach to psychology?


Humanistic, Psychodynamic


What are the assumptions of the behaviourist approach? (3)


All behaviour is learnt, Animals and humans learn in the same way, We a born a blank slate


How would you describe the research methods used by the behaviourist approach?


Use experimental method, with animals as subjects, looking for quantifiable behaviour


Who proposed classical conditioning as a way of learning?


Pavlov


How was Classical conditioning first identified?


Pavlov's dogs study - salivating at the sound of a bell that indicated food was coming.


Describe the process of classical conditioning (you don't have to use an example).


Unconditioned Stimulus à Unconditioned Response (usually a pre existing reflex, but can be a previously

learnt behaviour), Neutral Stimulus à No response, US + NS à UR (repeated pairing of these means

eventually the NS becomes...), Conditioned Stimulus à Conditioned Response


What is generalisation in Classical conditioning?


When stimuli similar to the original CS produce the same response


What is extinction in classical conditioning?


Where the CR stops being produced by the CS

,Who proposed operant conditioning as a way of learning?


Skinner


How would you explain the difference between classical and operant conditioning?


Classical conditioning is learning by association, operant conditioning is learning by reinforcement


List the three types of reinforcement key to explaining operant conditioning.


Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Punishment


Outline positive reinforcement in operant conditioning.


Behaviour is more likely to be repeated as a result of reward


Outline negative reinforcement in operant conditioning.


Behaviour is more likely to be repeated as a result of removing a negative stimulus


Outline punishment in operant conditioning.


Behaviour is less likely to be repeated as a result of addition of a negative stimulus


What element of psychopathology have we explained with the behaviourist approach?


Phobias


What is the strength of the behaviourist approach?


Lots of experimental evidence à scientific credibility, Application to treatment of phobias and

modification of problematic behaviour (dealing with offending)


What are the problems with the behaviourist approach?

, Generalising from animal studies, Ethical issues associated with animal research, Reductionist &

Deterministic


Which side of the nature nurture debate is the behaviourist approach on?


Nurture


What is the name given to psychologists who subscribe to the behaviourist approach?


Empiricists


What is the learning approach developed by Bandura called?


Social learning theory


What are the assumptions of Social Learning theory?


The same as the behaviourist approach + addition of the importance of role models


Describe the key idea behind SLT.


We learn a lot of behaviour through role models using cognitive mediational processes.


Explain the role of modelling and where our role models come from in SLT.


We observe and imitate a role model, this requires us to identify with that role model. This is more likely

if they are the same gender as ourselves, considered attractive, or are of higher social status.


Describe vicarious reinforcement in SLT.


We learn by seeing others rewarded for a behaviour and then imitate those behaviours that are

rewarded.


What are the 4 mediational processes in SLT?

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