FRHD 1010 Exam || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
Puberty correct answers the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical
development. Puberty usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to achieve
psychosocial maturity.
When does puberty start? correct answers between 8-14
When does most physical growth and maturation end? correct answers 4 years after first signs
appear
Some individuals add height, weight and muscle until age: correct answers 20
Girls + puberty correct answers observable changes of puberty begin with nipple growth, then
pubic hair, then peak growth spirt, widening of hips, first menstrual period menarche - a girls
first mentrural period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible,
but ovulation and mensturation are often irregular for years after menarche, full pubic hair
pattern, and breast maturation.
Average age of menarche among normal weight girls correct answers 12 years, 8 months.
Boys + puberty correct answers growth of testes, initial pubic hair, growth of penis, first
ejaculation of seminal fluid spermarche - a boys first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as
early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep
(in a "wet dream") or via direct stimulation, facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of voice,
final pubic hair growth.
Typical age of spermarche correct answers just under 13 years
Entire process of puberty begins with an invisible event: correct answers a marked hormonal
increase.
Hormones correct answers • an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue
and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.
o Regulate hunger, sleep, moods, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction, and many other
bodily reactions
Pituitary correct answers a gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by
producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control other glands,
among them the adrenal and sex glands.
Adrenal glands correct answers two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones
(including "stress hormones" epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine)
What stimulates adrenal glands? correct answers Pituitary glands produce hormones that
stimulate it
,HPA axis correct answers a sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus,
moves to the pituitary, and then ends in the gonads.
In adolescence, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the correct answers
hypothalamus, causing the pituitary to release gonadotropins (LH&FSH), which in turn activate
the gonads.
What enlarge and increase their production of sex hormones? correct answers gonads
Estradiol correct answers a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much
more estradiol than males do
Estrogens correct answers female hormones
Testosterone correct answers a sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male hormones);
secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.
Androgens correct answers male hormones
When do psychological disorders in both sexes increase? correct answers at adolescence, but
males are twice as likely as females to become schizophrenic, whereas females are twice as
likely to become depressed.
Primary sex characteristics correct answers • the parts of the body that are directly involved in
reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis
o During puberty, increase dramatically in size and matures in function
Secondary Sex characteristics correct answers • physical traits that are not directly involved in
reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a mans beard and a womans breasts.
o Shape - males widen at shoulders and grow about 13 inches taller than females
o Females - develop breasts and a wider pelvis - neither is required for conception
Variation in puberty is due to: correct answers 2/3 genetics
Height in average girls is how far ahead of boys? correct answers 2 years
When does female height spurt occur? correct answers before menarche
When does male growth spirt occur? correct answers after spermarche
when it comes to hormonal and sexual changes how far ahead are girls? correct answers only a
few months ahead
What is a major influence of onset of puberty? correct answers body fat
,heavy girls reach menarche years earlier than malnourished ones
How much do most girls have to weigh before menarche? correct answers 45 kg
Secular trend correct answers o more food has allowed biological advances.
What happens to each generation? correct answers o Each generation experienced puberty a few
weeks earlier and grew a cm or so taller than the preceding one.
Leptin correct answers o a hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of
puberty. Leptin levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12.
♣ Affect appetite more in females than it does males
♣ U.S. boys who are heavy in childhood reach puberty later
Early maturing girls correct answers have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer body
image than other girls do
o Sometimes early maturing girls have older boyfriends - which gains them status - but increases
risk of drug and alcohol use, eating disorders, relational bullying, and victims of physical abuse
What can delayed puberty in girls be due to? correct answers can be hereditary, due to
malnutrition, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disoders, or illness.
Early maturing boys correct answers more aggressive, lawbreaking and alcohol-abusing than
later-maturing boys.
If puberty is both early and quick correct answers boys more likely to become depressed.
How does stress affect sexual reproductive system? correct answers by hastening (not delaying)
the hormonal onset of puberty and by making reproduction more diffiuclt in adulthood.
Growth spurt correct answers • the relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs
during puberty. Each body part increases in size on a schedule: weight usually precedes height,
and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso.
o From extremeties to core
o Many children are temporarily big-footed, long-legged, and short-waisted
then weight spurt
2 years later muscle spurt
What happens to lungs during puberty? correct answers triple in weight - breathe more deeply
What happens to heart during puberty? correct answers doubles in size as heart beat slows,
decreasing the pulse rate wile increasing blood pressure.
, o Red blood cells increase in both sexes - but dramatically more in boys - aids oxygen transport
during exercise.
Which system decreases in size? correct answers lymphoid system (tonsils and adenoids) -
teenagers are less susceptible to respiraoty ailments.
What changes into more "adult" body odour? correct answers Increased hormone production,
fatty acid composition of perspiration
Secretion of oil from skin also increases.
Hair changes during puberty correct answers Hair on head and limbs becomes coarser and
darker.
Circadian rhythm correct answers • a day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approx.
every 24 hours
o Biorhythms
o Hypothalamus and pituitary regulate the hormones that affect biorhythms of stress, appetite
and sleep...
o Hormones of the HPA axis at puberty cause a phase delay in sleep/wake cycles.
What deficiencies are common after puberty? correct answers iron, calcium, zinc, and other
minerals
Muscles need iron for growth and strength
Body image correct answers • a persons idea of how his or her body looks
o One reason for poor nutrition is anxiety about body image
Anorexia nervosa correct answers • an eating disorder characterized by severe caloric restriction
and the fear of being fat. Affected individuals undereat, or overeat and then overexercise or
purge, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. Anorexia can be fatal.
o Organ failure or suicicide - 5-20% of sufferors
o Persons BMI 17 or lower
o Fixation with weight
o Intense fear of gaining weight
o Disturbed body perception and denial of the problem
Bulimia nervosa correct answers • an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and
subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives.
o Use laxatives or diueretics
o Also engage in excessive exercise.
o Most are close to normal weight
o Risk serious health problems - damage to gastrointestinal systems and cardiac arrest from
electrolyte imbalance.
