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Midterm Pathophysiology WCU Exam Study Guide. Etiology - answercause & reason behind the disease Idiopathic - answercause is unknown Iatrogenic - answermedically induced -cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment -results from an infection while in hospital -can be caused b...

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Midterm Pathophysiology WCU Exam Study
Guide.


Etiology - answer✔cause & reason behind the disease

Idiopathic - answer✔cause is unknown

Iatrogenic - answer✔medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication

Risk factor - answer✔A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease

Pathogenesis - answer✔Development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate
expression of manifesting of disease

Symptoms - answer✔subjective feeling of abnormality in the body

Signs - answer✔Objective or observed manifestation of disease

Syndrome - answer✔a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to delineate a disease and
occur together

Latent period - answer✔time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and FIRST
appearance of signs/or symptoms

Prodomal period - answer✔time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear or onset of
disease occurs

Latent period (2) - answer✔Also refers to a period during an illness when signs/symptoms
temporarily become mild or silent

Subclinical stage - answer✔patient functions normally; disease processes are well established.

Acute clinical course - answer✔short-lived; may have severe manifestation

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


Chronic clinical course - answer✔may last months to years, sometimes following an acute
course

Illness and disease do not? - answer✔Always coexist. Illness is the symptomatic and debilitating
stage of a disease.

-Lytic - answer✔break down of the clot.

Syphilis - answer✔Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between prodromal and
latent period.

Remission - answer✔decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured.

Exacerbation - answer✔increase in severity,signs, or symptoms

Sequela - answer✔Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint stiffness

Statistical normality - answer✔estimate of diseases in a normal population, based on bell shape
curve

Reliability - answer✔Test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements

Validity - answer✔degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to
measure

Predictive value - answer✔-Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence
of a persons condition.
-A test.

Sensitivity - answer✔probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a
particular condition.
-A true positive

Specificity - answer✔Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without a
particular condition
-A true negative

Gender differences - answer✔relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones

Situational differences - answer✔determine whether a derivation from normal should be
considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.

Time variations - answer✔may impact how the body responds from day to night or at varying
times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping

Epidemiology - answer✔study of the patterns of disease involving populations

Endemic disease - answer✔native to a local region

Epidemic disease - answer✔Spread to many people at the same time
EX: SARS

Pandemic disease - answer✔spread to large geographic results

Factors affecting patterns of disease - answer✔-Age
-Ethnic group
-Gender
-Socioeconomic factors/lifestyle considerations
-Geographic location

Primary Prevention - answer✔altering susceptibility, reducing exposure for susceptible persons
EX: public places, saying no to drugs & abstinence from sex

Secondary - answer✔early detection, screening and management of disease
EX: pap smear

Tertiary - answer✔rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective
functioning following disease
EX: treatment

Homeostasis - answer✔a state in which all symptoms are in balance at the ideal "set point"
despite alterations within the body

Homeostatic response - answer✔mechanistic, predictable series of orchestrated internal events.
Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative-feedback principle, which facilitates
steady-state stability.

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