USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024
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What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? -Correct Answer Neurulation, cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. -Correct Answer Neurul...
USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam
Study Guide Questions and Answers
2024
What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? -Correct Answer
✔Neurulation, cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and
dendritic processes, and synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. -Correct
Answer ✔Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. -Correct Answer ✔Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells
migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. -Correct Answer ✔Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase
of embryological development. -Correct Answer ✔True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. -Correct Answer ✔Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. -Correct Answer
✔Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm. -Correct Answer ✔Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. -Correct
Answer ✔Embryonic ectoderm
On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. -
Correct Answer ✔21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. -Correct Answer ✔Neural
tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. -Correct Answer ✔PNS
USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
,USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? -
Correct Answer ✔Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and
anencephaly (failure of the ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
What does the prosencephalon divide into? -Correct Answer ✔telencephalon and
diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? -Correct Answer
✔telencephalon: rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? -Correct Answer ✔Midbrain (cerebral
aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? -Correct Answer ✔metencephalon and
myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? -Correct Answer
✔Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
What does the primitive neural tube divide into? -Correct Answer ✔Neural tube and
neural crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? -Correct Answer ✔Neural
tube: spinal cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. -Correct Answer
✔Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. -Correct Answer ✔Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. -Correct Answer ✔Dorsal
The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. -Correct
Answer ✔Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus
limitans pushes bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a
USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
, USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
ventral and dorsal portion. -Correct Answer ✔Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar
plate; efferent motor and the dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal)
creates the lining of the __________. -Correct Answer ✔Ventricles (helps the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. -
Correct Answer ✔Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. -
Correct Answer ✔White matter
During _________ migration the cells travel up the telencephalon from the SC. -Correct
Answer ✔Radial
During ______________ migration the cells travel within the brain stem. This occurs
late in the migration process. -Correct Answer ✔Tangential
What two defects can occur in the migration phase of embryological development? -
Correct Answer ✔Dyslexia and lissencephaly (smooth brain = low IQ)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 14 weeks CN's
_______, _______, ______, ______, and _____ form. -Correct Answer ✔5, 7, 9, 10,
and 12 (swallow/gag)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 25 weeks CN's
________ _______ ______ and _____ form. -Correct Answer ✔2, 3, 4, and 6 (visual
motor)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 28 weeks CN ______
forms. -Correct Answer ✔8 (hearing)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 31-32 weeks CN
______ forms. -Correct Answer ✔1 (smell)
During the synaptogenesis phase of embryological development the basis of
____________ ___________ is formed. -Correct Answer ✔Neural plasticity (correlated
with known types of permanent learning)
The telencephalon and diencephalon comprise the _____________. -Correct Answer
✔Forebrain
What makes up the brain stem? -Correct Answer ✔midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
(vital survival function)
USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
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