What is Autism Spectrum - Answer-•Neurodevelopmental disability
•Not a mental illness
•People first language
•Child or individual with autism
•NOT autistic child
•"Hidden" disability - no identifying physical characteristics
•ASD is a group of lifelong, brain-based, developmenta...
Autism Spectrum Disorders and
Occupational Therapy Exam Questions
and Answers
What is Autism Spectrum - Answer-•Neurodevelopmental disability
•Not a mental illness
•People first language
•Child or individual with autism
•NOT autistic child
•"Hidden" disability - no identifying physical characteristics
•ASD is a group of lifelong, brain-based, developmental disorders, usually diagnosed in
early childhood, affecting
•language and social behavior
restricted or repetitive behavior/ unusual interests
Why do there seem to be so many more children with ASD? - Answer-•Increased
awareness
•More uniform criteria for diagnosis
•Broader range of diagnosis
•Misdiagnosis
•Actual increase in the number of children with ASD
Defining ASD: DSM-5 - Answer-•Restricted/repetitive behaviors/interests
•Restricted, repetitive activities as manifested by at least 2 of the following:
•stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements, or use of objects
•Excessive adherence to routines
•Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
•Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory interests
Previously Established Diagnosis - Answer-•The DSM-V text states "Individuals with a
well-established DSM-IV diagnoses of autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, or
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis
of autism spectrum disorder"
Absolute Indications for - Answer-•No babbling by 12 months
•No gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye, etc.) by 12 months
•No single words by 16 months
•No 2 word spontaneous phrases by 24 months (not echolalic)
•ANY loss of ANY language or social skills at ANY age
Signs of Autism: Social communication & interaction - Answer-•Expressive and/or
receptive language delay
•Limited use of communicative gestures, ie. Pointing, waving
, •Use of atypical ways to communicate, ie. Leading by the hand
•May have history of regression of language skills at average age of 21 months
•Atypical social interaction
•Poor eye contact
Signs of Autism: Restricted/repetitive behaviors & interests - Answer-•Repetitive
behaviors
•Repetitive physical movements, ie. hand flapping, spinning, finger flicking
•Sensory difficulties, ie. sound or tactile sensitivities
Screening for ASD - Answer-•American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement,
2006 & 2007
•Developmental surveillance at all well visits
•Administer standardized developmental screening tool at 9, 18, and 24 or 30 month
visits
•Specific ASD screen at 18 and 24 months
Routine Screening? - Answer-•MCHAT R/F- modified checklist for autism in toddlers
•Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ-SE)
•Social Communication questionnaire (SCQ)
Difficulties with Diagnosis - Answer-•No blood test or brain scan
•No "medical" tests
•Most reliable diagnosis - Multi-Disciplinary Team Evaluation
•Developmental Pediatrician
•Psychologist
•Speech Pathologist
•Occupational Therapist
Possible Causes - Answer-•No one cause of autism
•No one type of autism
•Early onset
•Regression
•Both genetics and the environment play a role in early brain development leading to
autism
•Much research is being done to learn more
Genetic syndromes - Answer-•Some known genetic syndromes can be associated with
autism:
•Tuberous Sclerosis Syndrome
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