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Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Complete Test Bank.
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An Introduction To Psychological Science Second Canadian Edition Mark Krause
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Summary Introduction to Psychological theories
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Gehele samenvatting Introduction Psychology (P_BINLPSY)- Psychologie periode 1
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Final Exam Test BankCHAPTER 13
1. In Solomon Asch’s famous experiment in which participants were asked to visually judge the length of lines, why
did many participants give the incorrect answer at least part of the time?
a. The lines were too close in length to accurately judge their relative lengths.
b. The participants conformed their answers to those offered by others in the room.
c. The participants were hoping to stand out as unique.
d. The participants were intentionally trying to sabotage the study.
Answer: B
Module 13.1
2. When making a difficult decision, group members sometimes strive for agreement so as to avoid arguments, a
phenomenon known as _____.
a. social loafing
b. obedience
c. social facilitation
d. groupthink
Answer: D
Module 13.1
3. Approximately what percentage of participants delivered the maximum possible shock in Milgram’s obedience
study?
a. 0%
b. 6%
c. 15%
d. 65%
Answer: D
Module 13.1
4. Kyle is an independent filmmaker who has always believed that big Hollywood movies are garbage. Recently,
however, he agreed to work on a big-budget Hollywood movie because the pay was very good. Now he tells his
friends, “Not all Hollywood movies are that bad.” Kyle’s change in attitude is likely the result of _____.
a. cognitive dissonance
b. conformity
c. groupthink
d. group polarization
Answer: A
Module 13.1
5. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute the actions of others to _____, while ignoring the
role of _____.
a. ingroup factors; outgroup factors
b. outgroup factors; ingroup factors
c. their disposition; the situation
d. the situation; their disposition
Answer: C
Module 13.2
6. Conceptually, _____ is the opposite of the fundamental attribution error.
a. cognitive dissonance
b. the self-fulfilling prophecy
c. outgroup bias
d. self-serving bias
,Answer: D
Module 13.2
,7. Which of the following is a criticism of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)?
a. The IAT may measure only familiarity with a stereotype, not actual prejudice.
b. The IAT actually measures explicit prejudice, not implicit prejudice.
c. The IAT is not reliable when subjects are retested.
d. Subjects can change their responses to make themselves appear less prejudiced.
Answer: A
Module 13.2
1) Not belching at the dinner table is an example of a(n) social norm, an unwritten rule about
how to behave in a certain social context.
Correct: Social norms are the (usually unwritten) guidelines for how to behave in social
contexts. Norms include everything from the little nuances of public behaviour and the
manners we use in polite company, to the topics that are appropriate for conversation and
the types of clothing deemed appropriate.
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 542
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Know the key terminology associated with social influence.
2) The chameleon effect occurs when we unconsciously mimic the behaviours and mannerisms
of those around us for no apparent reason.
Correct: The chameleon effect occurs when individuals mimic another’s behaviour without
meaning to or knowing that they are doing it. Furthermore, the imitated behaviour usually
does not have any apparent use; it is as if it “just happens.”
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 541
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Know the key terminology associated with social influence.
3) When group members believe that their effort will not significantly contribute to the group’s
overall performance, they are more likely to engage in social loafing.
Correct: Social loafing occurs when an individual working as part of a group or team
reduces his or her effort. Loafing tends to occur when an individual believes he could do well
but the group as a whole would do poorly, or perhaps that the group would do fine without
him.
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 542
Skill: Factual
Objective: Understand how individuals and groups can influence behaviours.
, 4) The peripheral route to persuasion is more likely to be persuasive with topics that are less
important to an individual and when the decision is likely to be made quickly.
Correct: There are two paths to persuasion: the central route, in which individuals take time,
evaluate evidence, and use valid logic and arguments, and the peripheral route, in which
quick judgments are made based on limited evidence, and emotions and vague impressions
are used more than logic. When topics are less important to an individual and decisions are
likely to be made quickly, the peripheral route is usually more persuasive.
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 6573
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Apply your understanding of the central route to describe how a message should
be designed.
5) External attribution is also known as situational attribution.
Correct: External attribution (also known as a situational attribution), is when the observer
explains the actor’s behaviour as the result of the social context.
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 562
Skill: Factual
Objective: Know the key terminology associated with social cognition.
6) Individuals who do not consider themselves to be prejudiced, may still be affected in subtle
ways by implicit prejudice.
Correct: Implicit prejudice includes forms of stereotyping and prejudice that are kept silent,
either intentionally or because individuals are unaware of their own prejudices.
Diff: 2
Type: FIB
Page Reference: 566–568
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Apply your understanding of social cognition to the problem of overcoming
prejudice and discrimination.
7) The bystander effect occurs when an individual in a group is less likely to provide help than
he or she would be if they were alone.
Correct: The bystander effect occurs when an individual in a group does not provide help,
either because the person believes someone else will help or because the other people in the
group are not helping either.
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