PSYCH 340 Homework 9 | Questions and Answers The text defines prosocial behavior as any behavior that is good for other people or for society as a whole According to research, when will your employees be MOST likely to help one another out and speak well of their jobs? When they think that the r...
The text defines prosocial behavior as
any behavior that is good for other people or for society as a whole
According to research, when will your employees be MOST likely to help one another
out and speak well of their jobs?
When they think that the rules at work are fair and respectful
Research indicates that reciprocity norms are found in ____ human cultures.
All
As discussed in the text, the sociologist Phil Kunz once performed a study in which he
sent 578 Christmas cards to a sample of complete strangers living in Chicago, Illinois.
What happened?
A significant minority of them (20%) actually acted as though they knew who he was
and sent him a card in return.
Standards that are established by society regarding what types of behavior are typical
or expected are known as ____
norms
Equity and equality are two types of
Norms
Alicia and her friends are singing karaoke. Alicia is an extremely talented singer—much
better than her friends. She feels awkward about being so good, however, so she sort of
"fakes bad"; she doesn't want her friends to be envious of her singing talent. Social
psychologists would say that Alicia is experiencing
sensitivity about being the target of threatening upward comparison
Suppose that you are working with a group of monkeys, and you give some monkeys a
small reward (a cucumber) for performing a given task, while you give other monkeys a
bigger and better reward (a banana) for performing the exact same task. Research
suggests that the monkeys ____ compare their rewards, and that, as a result, ____
will; those receiving cucumbers will become distressed
Research with humans and monkeys on fairness—and the concepts of being
overbenefited versus underbenefited—indicates that ____
humans worry about both, while monkeys worry primarily about the latter
, Emma's company cannot even afford to give cost-of-living raises to everyone, so they
opt to give every full-time employee a one-time $500 bonus, regardless of the
employee's salary or responsibilities. This ensures ____
equality
Ella's company cannot afford to give their customer service representatives (CSR), who
answer in-comping calls from customers who want to place orders or who have
complaints, cost-of-living raises. They decide, instead, to give one-time bonuses based
on CSR productivity. That is, more productive CSRs will get larger bonuses. This
ensures ____
Equity
Research on morality in relation to political orientation suggests that both liberals and
conservatives value
Fairness
The so-called prisoner's dilemma is a paradigm that is used by social psychologists to
study people's tendency to
compete with others versus cooperate with others
The political scientist Robert Axelrod once held a computer tournament designed to
determine the most successful strategy for approaching the prisoner's dilemma (the
strategy that would win out most often on a sustained basis). What he found was that
the most successful strategy was loosely based on a pattern of ____
reciprocity
Many people who hold prejudiced attitudes towards ethnic minority groups attempt to
justify their prejudices by suggesting that group competition for jobs, housing,
healthcare, and other social resources is a(n) ____. For example, they claim: "The more
jobs that other groups get, the fewer good jobs there will be left for people from my
group."
zero-sum game
Research has shown that many people will accept costs, as in a reduction of their own
pay, in order to punish someone else who breaks the rules. This is known as ____
punishment.
altruistic
When communication is difficult in a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation
decreases dramatically
In Vohs et al.'s (2006) experiments, people who had been primed with a screen saver of
dollar bills tended to ____ than people who had a blank screen or a fish screen saver
image as a prime.
be less likely to help others
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