College aantekeningen
Biol 430 Intro to Nursing processes Notes
- Vak
- Instelling
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on;Introduction to Biology and the Processes of Science
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
gesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
anyiamgeorge19
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Introduction to Biology and the Processes of ScienceCHAPTER NOTES
Learning Objectives
1. Structure, functions, and type of DNA
2. Watson and Crick’s Structural Model of DNA
3. Chemical Composition of DNA
4. Replication of DNA
5. Recombinant of DNA
INTRODUCTION
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) the principal genetic materials of
living organisms are chemically called nucleic acids. Nucleic acid especially the DNA, a
universal genetic material of most of the organisms, is having all the features required to be a
good genetic materials.
DNA is a macromolecule and is a helically twisted double chain of poly deoxyribonucleotides. In
prokaryotes it occurs in nucleoid and also as plasmids, both are double stranded circular DNA. In
Eukaryotes most of the DNA is found in chromatin of nucleus. It is linear. Some small
quantitative of DNA are found in mitochondria and plastids which is generally double stranded
and circular RNA also acts as genetic material in majority of plant viruses.
Functions of DNA
1. Genetic material is able to store information used to control both the development and
metabolic activities of cell.
2. It should be chemically stable so that it can be replicated accurately during cell division.
3. It should be transmitted for generations.
4. It should be able to undergo mutations providing genetic variability required for
evolution.
STRUCTURE OF DNA
, Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) first called nuclein by a Swiss chemist Friedreich Miescher (1869)
as he removed nuclei from pus cells and isolated DNA i.e., “nuclein” from it. Nucleic acid (DNA
or RNA) are macromolecules composed of repeating sub unit called nucleotides.
Constitution Of A Nucleotide
1. A phosphate group.
2. A five-carbon sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxydine in DNA)
3. A cyclic nitrogen containing compound called a base (purines and pyrimidines).
Most commonly DNA occurs as a double helix. The two spiral strands of DNA are collectively
called DNA duplex. Two separate and anti parallel chains of DNA are wound around each other
in a right handed helical manner grooves major and minor with the sugar phosphate backbone on
the outer sides. The bases paired by hydrogen bonding are stocked on each other. A five carbon
sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA) A cyclic nitrogen containing compound called a
base ( purines and pyrimidines).
Most commonly DNA occurs as a double helix. The two spiral strands of DNA are collectively
called DNA duplex. Two separate and anti parallel chains of DNA are wound around each other
right-handed helical manner. The DNA double helix comes to have two types of alternate
grooves major and minor with the sugar phosphate backbone on the outer sides. The base paired
by hydrogen bonding are stocked on each other.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DNA
Deoxyribonucleotides (monomer) of DNA are composed by three different types of chemicals.
1. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has three reactive (-OH) groups of which two are involved in
forming sugar phosphate back bone of DNA.
2. Pentose sugar (C5H10O4) - DNA contains 2’-deoxy-D-ribose, hence the name
deoxyribose.
3. Nitrogen bases- DNA contains four different nitrogen bases (A, G, C & T). These four
bases are grouped in to two classes on the basis their chemical structure.
a. Purine base – Adenine and Guanine
b. Pyrimidine bases- Cytocine and uracil
4. Purine bases - DNA has two types of purines (adenine and guanine). Each purine is a type
of nitrogen base having a double ring structure (i.e. 9 member double rings with nitrogen
at 1, 3, 7 and 9 positions).
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €9,83. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 73918 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen