PSY 342 Quizzes | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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PSY 342 Quizzes | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Compared to nonexperts, psychophysiology experts' opinions about the reliability and usefulness of polygraph test results indicate that the polygraph is: more questionable than useful. The use of countermeasures _____ the detection of ...
Compared to nonexperts, psychophysiology experts' opinions about the reliability and
usefulness of polygraph test results indicate that the polygraph is:
more questionable than useful.
The use of countermeasures _____ the detection of guilty suspects by 50%, and the
examiners _____ able to tell that the suspects were manipulating their own arousal
patterns
reduced; were not
Studies show that those police officers who have passed through interrogation training:
feel more confident in their judgments of lie detection even when wrong
The comparison question technique (CQT) polygraph technique utilizes comparison
questions that are supposed to make a person uncomfortable (so-called known lie
questions). Which question is NOT a good comparison question for CQT purposes?
Have you ever tried a food you did not like?
The ability of humans to maintain relatively harmonious social relationships is facilitated
by our capacity to _____ the truth
bend and reshape
Unlike other polygraph tests, the guilty knowledge test:
reduces polygraph examiners to mere technicians
According to the text, confirmation bias is the tendency to:
seek out evidence that supports preexisting beliefs
The MOST important task of the polygraph examiner is to:
convince the examinee that the polygraph can always detect a lie
According to research completed by Bond and DePaulo (2006), people's ability to
distinguish lies has a _____ above-chance rate of accuracy, and efforts to improve
people's ability to discern lies have _____ very successful
barely; not been
A study by Kassin and his colleagues (2005) found that police detectives were _____
likely than college students to judge false confessions as true, and were _____
confident about their judgments.
more; more
,Jared was questioning a suspect using the Reid technique, and after a long and
exhausting interrogation, the suspect falsely confessed to the crime just to put an end to
the interrogation. When hearing this confession, Jared felt even more confident that the
suspect was guilty. This is an illustration of the phenomenon that psychologists call
_____ bias.
Confirmation
Among the techniques looking at brain activity patterns, _____ is better able to locate
the precise area of the brain activity, whereas _____ is better able to determine the
timing of the activity
fMRI; EEG
Paula has been playing with her fingers and rings during the interrogation and tried to
avoid direct eye contact with her interrogator. Most people would mistakenly conclude
that she is hiding something. This erroneous belief is called:
liar's stereotype
The comparison question technique (CQT) posits that guilty individuals react more
strongly to _____ questions, whereas innocent individuals react more strongly to _____
questions
relevant; comparison
There are several problems with standard polygraph techniques. Which is NOT one of
these problems?
Polygraph examiners believe in the importance of their mission and skills
Juan is a polygraph examiner who just completed a comparison question technique
examination of a suspect in a murder investigation. In scoring the polygraph charts,
which total score would indicate to Juan that the suspect is likely lying?
-6
Marissa is being polygraphed using the guilty knowledge test. This test focuses on
whether Marissa:
knows the facts that one would expect that only the criminal would know
Elena was suspected of committing a fraud. Investigators asked her to tell her story in
reverse. This promising lie-detection technique is based on the idea that narrating
backward:
increased cognitive load
Training people to detect lies _____ their ability _____ their confidence in their ability to
discern lies
does not improve; but raises
According to the text, the most prevalent use of the polygraph in the United States is:
for national security purposes
, All of these are possible explanations for why suspects waive their Miranda rights,
EXCEPT:
police are very careful in explaining to suspects their rights
Because of a long, exhausting interrogation, Kathryn just wanted the questioning to
stop, so she confessed to the crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of
confession is called an _____ confession
instrumental-coerced
Even though a _____ may rule that a confession is inadmissible because it was
coerced, such rulings are _____
judge; rare
After an intense interrogation process, Matthew became convinced that he robbed the
store since all physical evidence pointed to him. This form of false confession is called
an _____ confession
internalized-coerced
Which statement is NOT true surrounding the enactment of the Police and Criminal
Evidence Act (PACE)?
The reforms have harmed the ability of police to elicit true confessions
According to the text, the current state of the criminal justice system in the United States
makes all of these very likely to happen, EXCEPT:
juries can often determine if the confession resulted from psychological coercion
According to the text, which statement about false confessions is NOT true?
Studies prove that false confessions are extremely rare
Research by Kassin and his colleagues has shown that even when _____ had no
problem recognizing that a confession was coerced, they still voted _____ more often
jurors; guilty
In the United States, these interrogation techniques are legal EXCEPT:
telling suspects that they will get a reduced sentence if they confess to the crime
Police may use a variety of evidence ploys during interrogation. This is possible
because:
police can lie during interrogation
Which pattern of thinking demonstrates the fundamental attribution error, or the
tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional causes?
If suspects are innocent, they would not confess to the crime they did not commit
Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover up for his wife. This
type of confession is referred to as an _____ confession
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