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Anth 411 CH 4 UNH Question and answers already passed 2024/2025 Anth 411 CH 4 UNH aquatic - correct answer having to do with water. (derived from the Latin word aqua meaning water). See aquatic foraging. aquatic foraging - correct answer a specialized subsistence pattern that concentrate...

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Anth 411 CH 4 UNH
aquatic - correct answer ✔having to do with water. (derived from the Latin
word aqua meaning water). See aquatic foraging.


aquatic foraging - correct answer ✔a specialized subsistence pattern that
concentrates on fish and/or marine mammal hunting. Aquatic foraging is
usually a far more reliable and productive strategy for obtaining food than the
diversified hunting and gathering of most foragers who live away from the
coasts and major rivers. The most well known aquatic foragers lived on the
Northwest Coast of North America from the Klamath River of California to the
Aleutian Islands of Alaska. These societies specialized in salmon fishing along
the rivers and hunting seals and whales off the coast.


band - correct answer ✔the kind of political system found among most
foraging societies. It consists of a few families living together without formal
leadership. As a result, bands are referred to as being simple acephalous (or
headless) societies. There are no special integrative mechanisms other than
those available to all types of societies--i.e., kinship and personal persuasion.
Political power is diffused or dissipated and decision making is highly
democratic. There is a horizontal status relationship between all adults of the
same sex--i.e, they are all equal as far as decision making is concerned. As a
result, there is no individual who can speak for the community on all matters in
dealing with outsiders.


clan - correct answer ✔a group of people who claim unilineal descent from
the same ancestor but who cannot specify all of the actual links. The ancestor
is genealogically so remote that he or she is often thought of as a mythical
being, animal, or plant. Clans usually consist of a number of related
unilineages. See totem.


cyclical round of migrations - correct answer ✔seasonal migrations of
foragers or pastoralists between different environments in their territories. This

, often involves migrations that take people from spring to summer camps and
then to fall and finally winter ones. This cycle of migrations that is repeated
yearly is determined by the resources that can be exploited at particular times
of the year in different areas. Carrying out such a round of migrations
increases the amount of food that can be obtained by a society. As a result a
somewhat larger population can be supported.


diversified foraging - correct answer ✔hunting and gathering subsistence
pattern in which there is not a concentration of efforts in harvesting a small
number of species. Rather, virtually all potential food sources in the
environment are exploited. Most pedestrian foragers take a diversified
approach. In contrast, aquatic and equestrian foragers are specialized. A
diversified subsistence pattern has the advantage of relative economic
security if there are fluctuations in the weather, water supply, or periodic die-
offs of the food sources. The disadvantage is that the total amount of food
calories acquired is often less and the amount of time required to secure them
is greater compared to specialized foraging.


division of labor - correct answer ✔referring to the jobs that are normally
assigned to people based on such things as gender and age. In most foraging
societies, large animal hunting is an occupation of adult males, while domestic
tasks, child rearing, and plant food collecting are mostly adult female jobs. In
the Western industrialized nations today, the division of labor is based mostly
on age, knowledge, skills, and preference. Gender is often rejected as a
criteria for job assignment in these contemporary societies.


egalitarian - correct answer ✔referring to societies in which all people are
equal in terms of economic and political rights. Foraging bands are the most
egalitarian societies. However, even in these societies, there are differences
based on age and sometimes gender.


epidemic - correct answer ✔the occurrence of a disease in a population in
which it appears, rapidly spreads between people, reaches a high frequency,

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