Turning Data into Information Using ArcGIS 10 Questions and Answers 2024/2025
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Turning Data into Information Using ArcGIS 10
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Turning Data Into Information Using ArcGIS 10
What is the fundamental problem with representing geographic data?
The world is infinitely complex, so any digital representation of geographic
phenomena is inherently incomplete.
Name the six types of spatial analysis.
Six types of spatial analysis are queries and reasoning, measureme...
Turning Data into Information Using
ArcGIS 10 Questions and Answers
2024/2025
What is the fundamental problem with representing geographic data?
The world is infinitely complex, so any digital representation of geographic
phenomena is inherently incomplete.
Name the six types of spatial analysis.
Six types of spatial analysis are queries and reasoning, measurements,
transformations, descriptive summaries, optimization, and hypothesis testing.
Describe uncertainty associated with the raster data model.
In the raster data model, spatial objects are defined as a set of contiguous cells with
the same value. Because an individual cell may store only one value, but in reality
there may be a mix of values in the area represented by the cell, the raster data
model can distort the shape of spatial objects.
discrete object view
A way of representing geography in which the world is represented as objects with
well defined boundaries in empty space. In the discrete object view, geographic
objects have dimensionality and can be counted.
ecological fallacy
The assumption that an overall characteristic of a zone is also a characteristic of any
location or individual within the zone.
A way of representing geography in which the world is represented as a continuous
surface made up of a finite number of variables, each one defined at every possible
position. Fields can be distinguished by what varies and how smoothly.
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP)
A problem in spatial analysis that occurs when artificial units of reporting, such as
administrative or political boundaries, are superimposed on continuous phenomena,
resulting in the creation of artificial spatial patterns.
raster
1. A spatial data model that defines space as an array of equally sized cells
arranged in rows and columns, and composed of single or multiple bands. Each cell
contains an attribute value and location coordinates. Unlike a vector structure, which
stores coordinates explicitly, raster coordinates are contained in the ordering of the
matrix. Groups of cells that share the same value represent the same type of
geographic feature.
2. In ArcGIS, an in-memory representation of a raster dataset. A raster may exist in memory
as a subset of a raster dataset; it may have a different cell size than the raster dataset; or it
may exist using a different transformation than the raster dataset.
spatial analysis
The study of the locations and shapes of geographic features and the relationships
between them. Spatial analysis is useful when evaluating suitability, when making
predictions, and for gaining a better understanding of how geographic features and
phenomena are located and distributed.
spatial autocorrelation
A statistical measure that describes the extent to which the value of an attribute at
geographically referenced points changes as a function of the distance and orientation
between them.
The estimation of surface values at unsampled points based on known surface values
of surrounding points. Spatial interpolation can be used to estimate elevation, rainfall,
temperature, chemical dispersion, or other spatially-based phenomena. Spatial
interpolation is commonly a raster operation, but it can also be done in a vector
environment using a TIN surface model. There are several well-known interpolation
techniques, including inverse distance weighted and kriging.
vector
1. A coordinate-based data model that represents geographic features as points,
lines, and polygons. Each point feature is represented as a single coordinate pair,
while line and polygon features are represented as ordered lists of vertices. Attributes
are associated with each vector feature, as opposed to a raster data model, which
associates attributes with grid cells.
2. Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
lattice
A representation of a surface using an array of regularly spaced sample points (mesh
points) that are referenced to a common origin and have a constant sampling distance
in the x and y directions. Each mesh point contains the z-value at that location, which is
referenced to a common base z-value, such as sea level. Z-values for locations
between lattice mesh points can be approximated by interpolation based on
neighboring mesh points.
What are the six advantages that GIS maps have over paper maps?
The six advantages of GIS maps over paper maps are variable scale, variable
extent, animation, 3-D, supplementation, and customization.
Name the four basic classification schemes available in ArcGIS.
Four basic classification schemes are natural breaks, quantile breaks, equal interval
breaks, and standard deviation breaks.
Describe the three principle purposes of scientific visualization.
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