NWHSU Embryology Exam 1 Questions Correct Answers Current Update (A+ Pass)
What is the leading cause of infant mortality? - Answers - Birth defects
Can birth defects be prevented? - Answers - You bet your ass they can
What is the most sensitive period of embryonic development when a birth ...
NWHSU Embryology Exam 1
Questions Correct Answers Current
Update (A+ Pass)
What is the leading cause of infant mortality? - Answers -✔✔ Birth defects
Can birth defects be prevented? - Answers -✔✔ You bet your ass they can
What is the most sensitive period of embryonic development when a birth defect can
happen - Answers -✔✔ Embryonic period
During what weeks does the embryonic period take place? - Answers -✔✔ 3-8 weeks
Why is the embryonic period most sensitive? - Answers -✔✔ During this time, the
primordial of each organ system is already formed
What is the leading cause of mental retardation birth defects? - Answers -✔✔ Alcohol
use during pregnancy
Preventing birth defects has to happen prior to conception T or F - Answers -✔✔ T
Embryonic development is directed by ____________ - Answers -✔✔ Genomes
What are genomes? - Answers -✔✔ They contain all of the information required to
make an individual
Information encoded in the DNA are in the form of ____________ - Answers -✔✔
Genes
Approx. how many genes are in the human body? - Answers -✔✔ 23,000
Genes have various levels of regulation T or F - Answers -✔✔ T
At the level of the gene what regulation happens in gene expression - Answers -✔✔
Gene transcription regulation
At the level of RNA transcribed from a gene what regulation happens in gene
expression? - Answers -✔✔ RNA's are regulated if they will reach the cytoplasm and
become messenger RNA's
,At the level of mRNA's what regulation happens in gene expression? - Answers -✔✔
mRNA's may be selectively translated
At the level of proteins made from mRNA's, what regulation happens in gene
expression? - Answers -✔✔ Proteins may be differentially modified
Chromatin is made of __________ and _____________ - Answers -✔✔ Complex of
DNA and histones
If DNA is tightly coiled, what cannot happen? - Answers -✔✔ Transcription
When chromatin appears as beads of nucleosomes on a string of DNA, how is it
referred? - Answers -✔✔ Heterochromatin
When euchromatin is present, DNA can be transscribed T or F - Answers -✔✔ T
The promoter region of a gene binds ____________ for initiation of transcription,
contains the __________ box - Answers -✔✔ RNA polymerase; TATA
_________ that contain DNA sequences will be transcribed and translated into proteins
- Answers -✔✔ Exons
What two sites designate the code for the first amino acid in a protein? - Answers -✔✔
Transcription and translation initiation sites
The 3' untranslated region includes a ________addition site - Answers -✔✔ Poly A
What 3 things does the 3' untranslated region participate in? - Answers -✔✔ -
Stabilizing mRNA
-Allows it to exit the nucleus
-Permits its translation into protein
Where does the RNA polymerase II bind? - Answers -✔✔ Promoter region
In order for RNA polymerase II to bind, the polymerase requires additional proteins
called ____________ - Answers -✔✔ Transcription factors
Transcription factors have a specific ____1______ binding domain and a
______2_______ domain. These ____3____ or ____4____ transcription of the gene
after the binding of its _____5___ or _____6_____ - Answers -✔✔ 1- DNA
2-transactivating
3-activate
4-inhibit
5-promotor
6-enhancer
, Transcription factors active gene expression by causing the __________ complex to
unwind. Also by releasing the __________ so that it can transcribe the DNA template.
Finally, preventing the formation of new ___________ - Answers -✔✔ DNA
nucleosome; polymerase; nucleosomes
In DNA methylation what bases are methylated? - Answers -✔✔ Cytosine
How are some genes silenced? - Answers -✔✔ DNA methylation
DNA methylation represses __________ - Answers -✔✔ Transcription
One methylation mechanism involves inactivation of the ________ chromosome in each
female cell - Answers -✔✔ X
Another methylation mechanism is called genomic imprinting, where only a gene from
the father or mother is ________ and the other gene is _________ - Answers -✔✔
Expressed; silenced
Methylation silences DNA by inhibiting the binding of __________ factors or altering the
_______ binding. - Answers -✔✔ Transcription; histone
The initial transcript of a gene is called ________ - Answers -✔✔ Nuclear RNA (nRNA)
or pre messenger RNA
In alternative splicing, to form different proteins from the same gene it uses _________ -
Answers -✔✔ spliceosomes
_________ recognize specific sites on the initial transcript of nRNA from a gene. -
Answers -✔✔ Spliceosomes
Different proteins derived from the same gene are called the - Answers -✔✔ splicing
isoforms
Differentiation process of a tissue to become a specific structure requires
_____________ - Answers -✔✔ Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction
What signals are sent between tissues in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction - Answers
-✔✔ Inducer and responder
The first tissue in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction constitutes the ________ and the
second constitutes the _________ - Answers -✔✔ Inducer; responder
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