LING 352 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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LING 352 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Which best describes the relationship between phonological and lexical development? A) Phonological development leads lexical development: children's first words are composed of sounds within children's phonological inventory and child...
Which best describes the relationship between phonological and lexical development?
A) Phonological development leads lexical development: children's first words are
composed of sounds within children's phonological inventory and children with larger
inventories usually have larger vocabularies.
B) Lexical development leads phonological development: as the size of children's
lexicons gets larger, they develop more precise phonology in order to distinguish among
the words
C) Both answers A and B are true: the relationship between phonological development
and lexical development is an interdependent one.
D) Neither answer A nor B are true: phonological and lexical development operate
wholly independently from each other
The development of phonology depends on:
A) Social and environmental factors almost exclusively
B) Biological and physical maturational factors almost exclusively
C) Both biological and environmental factors
D) Computational and linguistic factors almost exclusively
The content of infants' babbling is:
A) Influenced by the language the infant hears
B) Completely unrelated to language development
C) Not influenced by the language the infant hears until s/he is using words
D) The product of anatomical considerations
Phonotactics refers to:
A) Language specific constraints on the sequencing of sounds
B) The variation across languages in terms of sound inventories
C) The combination of consonants and vowels into syllables
D) The way speech sounds are used to form new words
Languages differ:
A) languages do not differ in their sounds.
B) only in terms of the inventory of sounds they use.
C) only in terms of which sounds to convey changes in meaning.
,D) both in the inventory of sounds that they use and in terms of which sounds convey
changes in meaning
The development of infants' speech sounds follows the following trajectory:
A) words, canonical babbling, non-redupicated babbling, vegetative sounds
B) canonical babbling, non-redupicated babbling, vegetative sounds, words
C) vegetative sounds, canonical babbling, non-redupicated babbling, words
D) canonical babbling, vegetative sounds, words, non-redupicated babbling,
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about children's early word recognition?
A) Before 12 months of age, infants have difficulty recognizing familiar words when they
are spoken in a different accent.
B) Before 10 months of age, infants have difficulty recognizing that a word is the same
one if it is spoken by speakers of two different genders.
C) Before they reliably produce words, infants can recognize when a word has been
mispronounced by as little as one sound
D) Children show no evidence for recognizing words before they can produce words.
Phonological awareness is:
A) the ability to think about and reflect on the sounds of one's language.
B) the ability to produce phonemes correctly.
C) the ability to read an alphabet.
D) not a particularly useful skill.
The relationship between phonemes and letters of a conventional alphabet is:
A) in a one-to-many correspondence: each sound may corresponds to many different
letters, but each letter corresponds to one sound.
B) in a many-to-many correspondence: each sound may correspond to many different
letters and each letter may correspond to many different sounds.
C) in a one-to-one correspondence: each sound corresponds to one letter and each
letter to one sound.
D) in a many-to-one correspondence: each sound corresponds to one letter but each
letter may correspond to many different sounds.
Phonological processes are:
A) systematic sound changes that children make when producing sounds in their early
words
B) the processes through which children learn to perceive phonemes.
C) the systematic order in which children develop the phonological system.
D) the processes that languages use to organize phonemes.
, Which of the following constitute evidence that children's phonological development is
influenced by environmental factors?
A) the inventory of children's early sound systems differs depending on the language of
the surrounding adults.
B) parents who treat infant babbling as conversational speech encourage their children
to produce more vocalizations than parents who do not.
C) all of these are evidence for the importance of environmental factors on phonological
development.
D) infants adjust their speech as a result of feedback they receive from their own
vocalizations during vocal play
The three main articulatory dimensions used to describe consonant sounds are:
A) manner of articulation, place of articulation, voicing
B) stops, fricatives, and affricates.
C) phones, phonemes, and allophones
D) phonetics, phonemics, and distinctive features
What do biologically and usage based theories of phonology focus on?
A) Both biologically and usage based theories focus on the organization of the
phonological system.
B) Biologically based theories focus on the importance of computational constraints of
phonotactics while usage based theories focus on how phonology is used in emerging
literacy.
C) Biologically based theories focus on the role of anatomical and physiological factors
in development while usage based theories focus on the role of environmental input.
D) Biologically based theories focus on the role of environmental input while usage
based theories focus on the role of anatomical and physiological factors in
development.
Attempts to teach Chimpanzees human language have found:
A) that they simply refuse to communicate with humans.
B) that they have been unable to learn the grammar of a human language.
C) that they learn language in very similar ways to human children.
D) that their vocal tracts prevent them from learning a spoken language but they can
easily acquire a sign language.
The critical period hypothesis states that:
A) there is a critical age range during which children are able to develop language.
B) there is a critical length of time that is required for language to develop in children.
C) children must be at least as old as the critical age before they can develop language.
D) it is critical that adults provide input to children in order for them to develop language.
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