N352 Exam 2 Practice Questions | Answered with Rationales
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N352 Exam 2 Practice Questions | Answered with Rationales Which of the following best defines cancer? A. A disease process characterized by normal cell growth B. A disease process that begins with abnormal cells due to genetic mutations C. A disease that only affects older adults D. A process in...
A. A disease process characterized by normal cell growth
B. A disease process that begins with abnormal cells due to genetic mutations
C. A disease that only affects older adults
D. A process involving the apoptosis of healthy cells
Rationale: Cancer is defined by the presence of abnormal cells that proliferate
uncontrollably due to genetic mutations, leading to tumor formation and potential
metastasis.
What is the term for cancer cells that demonstrate uncontrolled growth and evade
programmed cell death?
A. Malignant cells
B. Benign cells
C. Apoptotic cells
D. Hyperplastic cells
Rationale: Malignant cells are characterized by uncontrolled growth and the ability to
avoid apoptosis, leading to tumor formation and metastasis.
What is the primary purpose of neoadjuvant therapy?
A. To relieve symptoms of cancer
B. To fully eliminate the cancer
C. To reduce the size of the tumor before primary treatment
D. To provide psychological support to patients
Rationale: Neoadjuvant therapy is administered before the primary treatment, often
surgery, to shrink the tumor, making it easier to remove or more responsive to
subsequent treatments.
Which of the following is a common side effect of chemotherapy?
A. Weight gain
B. Alopecia
C. Increased energy levels
D. Enhanced immune function
,Rationale: Alopecia, or hair loss, is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy due to its
impact on rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate neutropenia in a
chemotherapy patient?
A. Bradycardia
B. Fever
C. Nausea
D. Diarrhea
Rationale: Fever is often an indication of infection, which can occur in neutropenic
patients due to the decreased white blood cell count, compromising their immune
response.
What is the recommended action for a patient experiencing a severe hypersensitivity
reaction to chemotherapy?
A. Administer a stool softener
B. Initiate CPR immediately
C. Stop the infusion and administer emergency medications
D. Continue the infusion at a slower rate
Rationale: In the event of a severe hypersensitivity reaction, it is crucial to stop the
infusion immediately and provide emergency medications, such as antihistamines or
corticosteroids.
Which of the following is true regarding bone marrow suppression as a side effect of
chemotherapy?
A. It leads to increased red blood cell production
B. It can cause thrombocytopenia, increasing bleeding risk
C. It has no impact on infection risk
D. It is generally well-tolerated by most patients
Rationale: Bone marrow suppression can lead to decreased production of blood cells,
including platelets (thrombocytopenia), which increases the risk of bleeding.
What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient experiencing mucositis
due to chemotherapy?
A. Encourage spicy foods to stimulate appetite
B. Provide soft toothbrushes and magic mouthwash
C. Restrict oral intake completely
D. Administer a high-fiber diet
,Rationale: Mucositis can cause painful inflammation of the mucous membranes;
providing soft toothbrushes and mouthwash can help maintain oral hygiene and
alleviate discomfort.
Which type of cancer therapy is intended to prolong survival and contain the disease but
does not cure it?
A. Neoadjuvant therapy
B. Palliative therapy
C. Curative therapy
D. Adjuvant therapy
Rationale: Palliative therapy focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of
life, especially in advanced stages of cancer, without aiming for a cure.
A patient is receiving chemotherapy and reports increased fatigue and weakness. What
is the best nursing intervention?
A. Encourage the patient to exercise vigorously
B. Cluster activities and encourage rest
C. Schedule frequent blood draws
D. Advise the patient to take a stimulant
Rationale: Fatigue is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Clustering activities allows
the patient to conserve energy while ensuring necessary care.
Which of the following would indicate a need for immediate intervention in a
chemotherapy patient?
A. Mild rash on the skin
B. Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg
C. Fever of 39°C (102°F) with chills
D. Nausea and vomiting after treatment
Rationale: A fever, especially in a chemotherapy patient, can indicate an infection and
requires immediate assessment and intervention.
Which of the following describes the growth pattern of malignant tumors?
A. Encapsulated and slow-growing
B. Uncontrolled and invasive
C. Well-differentiated and localized
D. Not typically life-threatening
Rationale: Malignant tumors grow uncontrollably and can invade surrounding tissues,
leading to potential metastasis.
, What type of chemotherapy administration involves giving drugs in cycles to limit
toxicity?
A. Continuous infusion
B. Intermittent administration
C. Single-dose administration
D. Combination therapy
Rationale: Intermittent administration involves cycles of chemotherapy to allow recovery
of normal cells and minimize toxicity.
Which of the following factors contributes to the development of drug resistance in
cancer cells?
A. High patient compliance with treatment
B. Genetic mutations in cancer cells
C. Regular exercise and a healthy diet
D. Effective immune response
Rationale: Genetic mutations in cancer cells can lead to changes that enable them to
survive despite chemotherapy, contributing to drug resistance.
A patient undergoing chemotherapy should be advised to:
A. Avoid all physical activity
B. Eat whatever they desire, regardless of nutrition
C. Maintain good hygiene to reduce infection risk
D. Discontinue medications as soon as they feel better
Rationale: Maintaining good hygiene is critical for patients undergoing chemotherapy
due to their compromised immune systems, reducing the risk of infections.
What is the purpose of administering allopurinol in a patient with tumor lysis syndrome?
A. To prevent bleeding
B. To lower uric acid levels
C. To enhance chemotherapy effectiveness
D. To boost white blood cell production
Rationale: Allopurinol is used to lower uric acid levels in tumor lysis syndrome, which
can occur when cancer cells are rapidly destroyed, leading to elevated uric acid levels.
Which nursing action is appropriate for a patient experiencing diarrhea due to
chemotherapy?
A. Administer a high-fiber diet
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