Tertiary circular reactions and discovery through active experimentation
Insight and object permanence
Preoperations subperiod - ANSWER - Cog dev characterisitcs: Deferred imitation, symbolic play, graphic
imagery (drawing), mental imagery, and language
Concrete Operations - ANSWER - Cog dev charac: Conservation of quantity, weight, volume, length, and
time based on reversibility by inversion or reciprocity; operations; class inclusions and seriation
Formal Operation - ANSWER - Cog develop charac: Combinatorial system, whereby variables are
isolated and all possible combinations are examined; hypotheticodeductive thinking
Sensorimotor - ANSWER - Infants begin to learn through sensory observation, and they gain control of
their motor functions through activity, exploration, and manipulation of the environment. Ex: infants are
born with sucking reflex, but a type of learning occurs when infants discover the location of the nipple
and alter the shape of their mouths.
, Object permanence - ANSWER - The child's ability to understand that objects have existence
independent of the child's involvement with them.
Symbolization - ANSWER - Occurs at about 18 months, infants begin to develop mental symbols and to
use words.
- Ex: Infants are able to create a visual image of a ball or a mental symbol of the word ball to stand for, or
signify, the real object.
Phenomenalistic Causality - ANSWER - A type of magical thinking, in which events that occur together
are thought to cause one another.
- Ex: thunder causes lightening
Animistic thinking - ANSWER - The tendency to endow physical events and objects with life-like
psychological attributes, such as feelings and intentions.
Operational thought - ANSWER - Replaces egocentric thought in the concrete operations, and it involves
dealing with a wide array of information outside the child. Children can now see things from someone
else's perspective.
Syllogistic reasoning - ANSWER - A logical conclusion is formed from 2 premises, appears during the
concrete operations.
- Ex: All horses are mammals (premise), all mammals are warm blooded (premise), therefore all horses
are warm blooded.
Conservation - ANSWER - The ability to recognize that, although the shape of objects may change, the
objects still maintain or conserve other characteristics that enable them to be recognized as the same.
- The clay rolled out into a sausage is the same amount of clay rolled into a ball.
Reversibility - ANSWER - The capacity to understand the relation between things, to realize that one
thing can turn into another and back again- ice and water
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