Samenvatting
Samenvatting aadvanced research methods
Samenvatting van de qualitatieve literatuur en alle colleges
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 82 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 82 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Advanced Research MethodsKnowledge clip 1
Dag theory
Research question
o Must satisfy two conditions
Open ended question
Needs to include some causal language
Dag theory
o Directed acyclic graphs are graphical representations of the
causal structure underlying a research question
Exposure X to outcome Y
o Unbiased
Correct for other factors such as diet and lifestyle (in this
case)
Remove disruptive influence of other factors
o Dags
Dags help to visualize the causal structure underlying a
research question
You need a priori theoretical/subject knowledge about
the causal structure to draw a DAG
E.g. from previous studies, literature, common
sense, etc.
Collect data on all relevant variables
Simle rules can be applied to determine for which
variables to add in regression analysis and how to
interpret the results
Dag terminology
o Paths
RQ: influence of x on y?
A path is any route between exposure x and outcome y
Paths do not have to follow the directions of the arrow
,
o Causal paths and backdoor paths
A causal path follows the direction of the arrows
A backdoor path does not
o Open and closed paths, and colliders
All paths are open, unless they collide somewhere on a
path
A path is closed if arrows collide in one variable on that
path
A variable in which the arrows collide = a collider
,
o Blocking open paths
Open (causal or backdoor) paths transmit association
The association between x and y consists of the
combination of all open paths between them
Here: all paths except x w Y
To examine the influence of x on y, and only that, the
other associations that are not directly relevant need to
be removed > blocking those open paths
Block those open paths block open backdoor paths by
including a variable on that backdoor path in the
regression analysis
An open path is blocked when we adjust for a variable L
along the …
This means that we remove the disruptive influence of L
from the association between X and Y
How? By including variable L in the regression analysis
Backdoor paths always need to be closed
Causal paths need to be open/closed depending on RQ
o Opening blocked path
Include a collider in the analysis means you open the
blocked backdoor path
Opening a backdoor path is disruptive for the association
between x and y introduce bias of the influence
Avoid bias by closing the backdoor path again remove
the collider or add another variable that removes the
disruption
Lecture 1 causal inference
Developments in quantitative research
o 1960-2010: focus on statistical methods
Development of new techniques
Improvements in computers and software
Standardization of tests, focus on objectivity and
replicability
, Helpful and harmful
o Since 2010: statistics is not so black and white
Causal theory
What (variables) should be part of a quantitative
analysis
Statistics is not just about numbers
Interpretation: meaning of results depends on context
moving beyond p-value < 0.05
o Three different reasons for examining relationship between x
and y
Description: patterns X and Y
Prediction: Y given X
Causal inference: Effect X on Y
o Causal inference
Not interested in outcome per se
Interested in the role of the treatment X on the outcome
In an individual, a treatment has a causal effect if the
outcome under treatment 1 would be different from the
outcome under treatment 2
o Causal effect formal notation
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper remkegengler. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €9,16. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 53920 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen