MHA 707 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Moral Hazard - CORRECT ANSWER When the act of insuring an event
increases the likelihood that the event will happen
behaving different when you know someone is taking the risk
(induced demand)
Adverse Selection - CORRECT ANSWER the situation in whi...
Moral Hazard - CORRECT ANSWER When the act of insuring an event
increases the likelihood that the event will happen
behaving different when you know someone is taking the risk
(induced demand)
Adverse Selection - CORRECT ANSWER the situation in which one party
to a transaction takes advantage of knowing more than the other
party to the transaction
the sicker people likely want more insurance, compared to those who
are healthy
Pooling of Risk - CORRECT ANSWER Allows individuals to share risk,
i.e., insurance companies
National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) - CORRECT ANSWER
Provides official estimates of health care spending in the US. It
measures health care consumption and health care investment.
NHEA Benefits - CORRECT ANSWER Comprehensive: includes all major
components of health care system in unified, mutually exclusive, and
exhaustive structure
Multidimensional: encompasses expenditures as well as payers
Consistent: applies a common set of definitions that permits
longitudinal comparisons
Published by DHHS
,Accounts in the NHEA - CORRECT ANSWER National Health
Expenditures: NHE
Health Consumption Expenditures: HCE
Personal Health Care: PHC
National Health Expenditures: NHE - CORRECT ANSWER all health care
consumption and investments in medical structures and equipment
and noncommercial health services and biomedical research
NHE - HCE = Amount of investment in the medical sector of economy
(buildings, research, equipment)
Health Consumption Expenditures: HCE - CORRECT ANSWER a subset
of NHE, includes personal health care spending, government
administration and net cost of private health insurance and public
health activities
Personal Health Care: PHC - CORRECT ANSWER subset of HCE,
including all medical goods and service that's used to diagnose, treat,
and prevent health problems of a specific person
a cottage industry
Engaged in by physicians and their assistants, largely students
(apprentices) - CORRECT ANSWER At the beginning of the 20th
century, health care in the United States was predominantly:
When the 20th century opened: - CORRECT ANSWER -Doctors were
mostly solo practitioners
-Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
History of Incremental Change: 1900-2010 - CORRECT ANSWER Long-
term care for the elderly was largely home-based
Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small
business
Health care was a minor part of the economy
,1847- 19th century - CORRECT ANSWER Founding of the American
Medical Association (AMA)
Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA) - CORRECT
ANSWER Established standards for preliminary medical education for
the degree of MD
Code of medical ethics
Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
Noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent
medicines
Recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and
deaths
(snake oil) - CORRECT ANSWER oted the dangers of secret remedies
(_____) and patent medicines
-Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War (first conflict in
which the Army dug toilets downstream from army's campsite)
-Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists
such as Louis Pasteur Affected the physician's ability to control
infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at that time -
CORRECT ANSWER Advances that made practice of medicine more
successful in treating health problems
Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War - CORRECT ANSWER
first conflict in which the Army dug toilets downstream from army's
campsite)
Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists
such as Louis Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER Affected the physician's
ability to control infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at
that time
Demand for therapeutics fueled by the Civil War - CORRECT ANSWER
Provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern
pharmaceutical industry: Wyeth, Pfizer, and Squibb
, Wyeth, Pfizer, and Squibb - CORRECT ANSWER Provided the start for
some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry:
Founding of the U.S. Nursing Corps - CORRECT ANSWER ________in 1861
and the idea of professional nursing and its importance to medical
care
Development of the Ambulance Corps during the Civil War - CORRECT
ANSWER Created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know
today
Established hierarchy of treatment stations to types of hospital
facilities
1899 - CORRECT ANSWER Founding of Association of Hospital
Superintendents in_____
Became the American Hospital Association (AHA)
Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death in
1900 - CORRECT ANSWER Predecessor of the International
Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
19th Century developments - CORRECT ANSWER -Began to
professionalize health care workforce working in specialized
institutions to deliver health care services
-Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
-Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
-Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health
care performance
Medical "tool box" - CORRECT ANSWER -Vaccines and antitoxins,
which prevented childhood illnesses
-Medicines, such as insulin, which saved and extended life
-Surgery, which could cure dozens of conditions, aided by effective
anesthesia and the protection of aseptic techniques
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