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AQA Environmental Science ENVS3 - Pollution 2024 Exam Questions and Answers

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AQA Environmental Science ENVS3 - Pollution 2024 Exam Questions and Answers The term given to a wide variety of event and processes that do harm to the planet, especially to living organisms. *It is the release into the environment of materials or forms of energy that do harm by causing changes...

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AQA Environmental Science ENVS3 - Pollution
2024 Exam Questions and Answers


The term given to a wide variety of event and processes that do harm to the planet, especially

to living organisms. *It is the release into the environment of materials or forms of energy that

do harm by causing changes that would not normally have occurred.* It is usually caused by

human activities, but similar effects can be caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions,

natural oil leakage and forest fires. - Answer✔✔-Pollution


A measure of the ease of movement of a material. This is also an aspect of solid waste

composition that needs to be considered when disposing of it. - Answer✔✔-Mobility


A measure of how poisonous a substance is, usually caused by enzyme inhibition. This is also an

aspect of solid waste composition that needs to be considered when disposing of it. -

Answer✔✔-Toxicity


The process of oxygen removal, often due to thermal pollution (directly), organic pollution

(through growth of bacteria) or oil pollution (due to oil forming a film that water cannot dissolve

through to oxygenate the water). - Answer✔✔-Deoxygenation


A measure of the differing toxicities of a substance on different organisms. A specific substance

is very toxic to some organisms and much less toxic to others. - Answer✔✔-Specificity




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Insecticide pesticides, originally extracted from chrysanthemum flowers. It is more specifically

toxic to insects, and not so much to mammals, so used in small doses, enough to kill insects but

not harm mammals. - Answer✔✔-Pyrethroids


A measure of the rate at which a material breaks down and therefore the length of time it

remains in the environment. - Answer✔✔-Persistence


Synthetic organic substances that include chlorine, such as the now banned pesticide DDT. -

Answer✔✔-Organochlorines


The breakdown of a material. - Answer✔✔-Degradation


The process of breakdown of a material by living organisms, usually bacteria. - Answer✔✔-

Biodegradation


The ease with which a material is broken down by living organisms, usually bacteria. -

Answer✔✔-Biodegradability


The ease with which the molecules of a material separate and disperse into a liquid. -

Answer✔✔-Solubility


A measure of how easily a substance dissolves in fats and oils. - Answer✔✔-Liposolubility


The increase in concentration of a substance in living tissue, due to the consumption of many of

the lower trophic level(s). This tends to happen with liposoluble pollutants more as water

soluble pollutants tend to be excreted more easily. - Answer✔✔-Bioaccumulation




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The nature of a persistent liposoluble pollutant to increase in concentration as it moves up a

food chain due to the effect of bioaccumulation. - Answer✔✔-Biomagnification


The process where the presence of two materials produces a greater effect than the sum of

their individual effects. Examples of this kind of pollutants include oxides of nitrogen with

sulphur dioxide, and zinc with cadmium. - Answer✔✔-Synergism


A material that can cause changes in DNA. Pollutants include ionising radiation, asbestos,

dioxins and PCBs. - Answer✔✔-Mutagen


A form of mutagen that can cause cancer. Pollutants include asbestos, DDT and cadmium. -

Answer✔✔-Carcinogen


A substance that interferes with gene function in a growing embryo so that a non inherited birth

abnormality is produced. - Answer✔✔-Teratogen


A pollutant released directly by human activities. - Answer✔✔-Primary Pollutant


A pollutant produced by chemical reactions involving primary pollutants. - Answer✔✔-

Secondary Pollutant


An atmospheric pollution event where pollutants from vehicles interact under sunny conditions

where there is a temperature inversion. The main components are Ozone, nitrogen dioxide and

PANs (the most toxic and dangerous). - Answer✔✔-Photochemical Smog(s)


Effluent emissions that come from many sources. - Answer✔✔-Diffuse source




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A measure of acidity. This can be measured with a specific probe or universal indicator

paper/solution. The probe is more accurate as it does not involve human interpretation of a

colour as UI does. - Answer✔✔-pH


A measure of pollution based on the presence, abundance and state of health of selected living

organisms. This can be lichen when measuring acid rain, or invertebrates when looking at

general water pollution. Some vertebrates such as dippers and otters can also be used in this

case. Criteria to look at when selecting organisms to use: It should be commonly found in all

freshwater aquatic ecosystems, should be easy to identify, and should vary in their susceptibility

to pollution. It is often better to use indirect measures of pollution, such as this because it can

be easier than testing for many individual pollutants and looks at the effects of pollutants on the

environment in terms of biota, food chains and webs. - Answer✔✔-Biotic Index


A situation in the troposphere where the temperature is lower than normal so that warm air lies

above cold air. These are strongly linked to the creation of smogs. - Answer✔✔-Temperature

Inversion


A graph to show how temperature changes with altitude; often used to show temperature

inversions. - Answer✔✔-Lapse rate diagram


UK legislation to control smoke pollution. - Answer✔✔-Clean air act 1956


The part of an urban area in which a Smoke Control Order restricts smoke emissions. -

Answer✔✔-Smokeless Zone




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