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CLP4143 Exam 3 questions with complete solutions (18)
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CLP4143 Exam 3 questions with complete solutions (18)
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CLP4143 Exam 3 questions withcomplete solutions (18)
What is fear, and why do we have it? - correct answer ✔✔Short-term unpleasant emotion that helps us
deal with immediate threats
When can fear be adaptive? - correct answer ✔✔Evolutionarily adaptive: caveman see a tiger, go back in
the cave: fear response
What is the "fight-or-flight" response? - correct answer ✔✔Response to perceived threat of danger, a
result of the HPA Axis
What sorts of physiological processes does fight or flight response involve? - correct answer ✔✔The
amygdala communicates to the hypothalamus, which tells the body when to fight or freeze through the
autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
How is fear similar to anxiety? - correct answer ✔✔Both have an alerting response to perceived threat -
share biological processes -can be adaptive in some situations both prepare for perceived threats
How is fear different from anxiety? - correct answer ✔✔Anxiety is a general mood state caused by
vague, sometimes unknown stimulus. It is caused by an internal stimulus and is a physiological state of
readiness for something bad to occur.
- Fear is a specific emotional response caused by a specific, known stimulus. It is caused by an external
stimulus and involves fight or flight
What is the main difference between when fear and anxiety occur? - correct answer ✔✔Anxiety is
aimed more at future events, fear is in the present moment
When can anxiety be adaptive? - correct answer ✔✔Anxiety helps us prepare for upcoming events. Can
be maladaptive when it is excessive
,What are the two major thinking errors in anxiety disorders? - correct answer ✔✔likelihood and
consequences
What is the thinking error of likelihood in anxiety disorders? - correct answer ✔✔People with anxiety
disorders believe likelihood of their fear outcome is more likely to come true than it really is
What is the thinking error of consequences in anxiety disorders? - correct answer ✔✔People with
anxiety disorders believe consequences would be way bigger than they actually are
How can negative reinforcement maintain anxiety? - correct answer ✔✔Avoidance is negatively
reinforcing, meaning it reduces anxiety only short-term
What are safety behaviors? - correct answer ✔✔Actions to avoid or reduce anxiety-prone situations,
giving us a false attribution of safety
What is a false attribution of safety? - correct answer ✔✔It teaches that you need to do this behavior in
order to deal with the situation
What is exposure therapy? - correct answer ✔✔involves repeated exposure to anxiety-producing
stimulus/situations.
best treatment for anxiety disorders
How does it reduce anxiety over time? - correct answer ✔✔Carefully controlled, gradual exposures to
increasingly-anxiety producing situations stimuli phases out the use of safety aids
How are safety behaviors related to exposure therapy? - correct answer ✔✔Exposure therapy seeks to
fade out safety behaviors
What is a panic attack? - correct answer ✔✔Very discrete period of intense fear or discomfort(anxiety)
that peaks and then decreases typically within 10-20 minutes
, What are the physical and psychological symptoms of a panic attack, and how long do they typically last?
- correct answer ✔✔Panic attack symptoms typically last 10-15 minutes. There are 13 symptoms you
have to have 4 or more at same time; typically mimic heart attacks, high distress, difficulty breathing
When do we consider panic attacks "cued" vs. "uncued"? - correct answer ✔✔Cued is expected, and
usually in the context of another disorder (certain car reminds you of trauma; you know that will make
you have a panic attack).
-Uncued is unexpected and usually in context of panic disorder (most PA are uncued)
What makes panic disorder (PD) different from panic attacks? - correct answer ✔✔Panic disorder is
characterized by min. 1 repeated, unexpected panic attacks, followed by at least one month of one of
the following; 1. persistent concern about another attack
2. continuous worry about consequences
3. a significant change in behavior related to panic attacks.
Is it possible to have panic attacks without panic disorder? - correct answer ✔✔You can have panic
attacks without having panic disorder, but not the other way around- 28% have attacks but only 3-5%
have the disorder in their lifetime
What is the onset for panic disorder and what happens the first time you notice the symptoms? - correct
answer ✔✔late teens to mid 30s, often times you go to the Emergency Room
What is agoraphobia, and how is it different from PD? - correct answer ✔✔Agoraphobia is the fear of
being in 2+ of the following specific situations; 1. public transportation,
2. being in open spaces, enclosed spaces,
3. standing in line or being in a crowd
4.being outside of the home alone.
What is the fear of specific situations due to in agoraphobia? - correct answer ✔✔Fear that escape
might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic attack symptoms. These
situations are then persistently avoided
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