OB Final Comprehensive Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
Puerperal fever - Answer-an illness marked by high fever caused by infection of the
reproductive tract after the birth of a child. Often fatal
Family-centered care - Answer-Women begin to participate in planning type of care
during delivery and birth, fathers encouraged to participate in the birth process, birthing
and L&D rooms, couplet care where mother and baby remain together during care.
Strives to help family members cope, function normally, understand child's condition
and their role in the healing process, and also to alleviate their fears and anxieties (pg.
5)
Centralized care in OB - Answer-Trend towards centralization of maternity and pediatric
services. Transporting the mother to large medical centers with the best resources for
diagnosis and treatment. Specialists provide high quality medical care such as
neonatologists, neonatal nurse practitioners (NNP), clinical nurse specialists (CNS),
pediatric oncologists, pediatric neurologists, etc.
Cost containment and its strategies - Answer-Cost containment: strategies developed to
reduce inefficiencies in the health care system
Strategies:
Prospective payment systems: predetermined rate is paid to the HCP for a certain
diagnosis. This encourages effective use of supplies and diagnostic tests. Used by
Medicare for diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and also used in home health
Alternative delivery systems: many hospitals found that it is cost efficient to send a client
home earlier and provide follow-up care through a home health agency. Skilled and
intermediate nursing and rehabilitation facilities as well as hospice are also examples
State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), now referred to as "CHIP" - Answer-
Many families make too much money to qualify for Medicaid, so another grant program
called CHIP was enacted in 1997 and provides health insurance to newborns and
children in low-income families who do not qualify for Medicaid and are uninsured.
Emphasis on preventive care and health promotion in addition to treatment for illness or
disease
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) -
Answer-Grant program which distributes monies to state agencies to provide benefits to
eligible citizens. Eligible women and their children receive food vouchers to redeem at
participating grocery stores. Allows purchase of high in at least one of the following
nutrients: protein, calcium, iron, vitamins A and C. Eligible foods include fortified
cereals, milk, eggs, cheese, peanut butter, and legumes
,Three leading causes of infant mortality - Answer-congenital disorders, prematurity and
low birth weight, and maternal complications from pregnancy
Three leading causes of maternal mortality - Answer-hemorrhage, hypertensive
disorders, and sepsis
Nursing process (ADPIE) - Answer-Assessment (Data Collection)
Diagnosis
Planning/outcomes
Interventions
Evaluation
Nuclear family - Answer-Mother, father and children living as a unit
Extended family - Answer-one or more nuclear families plus other relatives, often
crossing generations to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
Communal family - Answer-individuals who share common ownership of property and
goods and exchange services without monetary consideration
Blended family - Answer-a married couple and their children from previous marriages
Cohabitation family - Answer-Couples live together but are not married
Community based nursing - Answer-focuses on wellness and prevention of individuals
in the community
Primary prevention: Focuses on health-promoting activities to prevent the development
of illness or injury. Teaching, safety, diet, rest, exercise, disease prevention through
immunization
Secondary prevention: includes health screening and aid in early diagnosis and
encourage prompt treatment before long-term negative effects occur
Tertiary prevention includes health promoting activities that focus on rehabilitation
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Community care settings for the child - Answer-Outpatient settings
Home health camps
Schools and camps
Community centers and parishes
Residential programs
Issues facing pregnant women, children, and families - Answer-Poverty
Lack of information, requiring teaching
Questionable decisions about priorities, decisions that negatively affect their medical
care
Ineffective coping skills
,The Community Health Nurse uses a different set of skills than those used by an
institution-based nurse. Which skill, used by the community health nurse, is a process
which ensures that a client's health and service needs are met? - Answer-Case
management
Rationale: case management is a systemic process that ensures that a client's multiple
health and service needs are met, may be a formal or informal process
How many chromosomes do a male and female give? How many are required for
human development? - Answer-Male and female give 23 chromosomes, thus 46
chromosomes needed for human development
External organs of the male - Answer-Penis: composed of a bulbous head, glans penis,
and shaft. The glans correlates with the clitoris of the female.
Prepuce: foreskin, removed with circumcision
Scrotum: external sac that houses the testes in 2 internal compartments. Protects the
testes from trauma and regulates the temperature to maintain sperm production
Internal organs of the male - Answer-Testes: production of androgens and formation
and maturation of spermatozoa
Ductal system (Vas Deferens): muscular tube in which sperm begin their journey out of
a man's body. Connects the epididymis with the ejaculatory duct. Paired ejaculatory
ducts connect with the urethra.
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules but is matured in the epididymis
Seminal vesicles: Paired glands that empty an alkaline, fructose-rich fluid into the
ejaculatory ducts during ejaculation
Prostate gland: muscular gland surrounds the 1st part of the urethra
Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands: secretes alkaline fluid
Semen: helps sperm move, nourishes/provides energy, protects sperm from acidic fluid
in vagina
Female external organs - Answer-Mons pubis: round fatty pad located atop symphysis
pubis. Protects pelvic bones.
Labia majora: vascular with oil, sweat glands, and hair. Paired fatty tissue folds that
extends from mons pubis to true perineum
, Labia minora: paired erectile tissue folds that extend anteriorly from the clitoris and then
join posteriorly to the fourchette, a tissue fold that is formed where the labia minora
meet posteriorly.
Clitoris: hooded body composed of erectile tissue, prepuce is the hooded structure over
the clitoris
Vestibule: area between the labia minora. Location of urethral meatus, introitus (vaginal
opening), and bartholin glands
Perineum: band of fibrous, muscular tissue extending from labia majora to anus, this is
where an episiotomy is sometimes cut
True or false: The Cowper glands, the seminal vesicles, and the prostate gland are
considered the accessory glands of the internal portion of the male reproductive system.
- Answer-True
Internal reproductive organs of the female - Answer-Vagina (birth canal): slopes up &
backwards, is a muscular tube that leads from the vulva to the uterus. Contain rugae to
help vagina stretch during childbirth. Maintains an acidic pH of 4 to 5
Uterus (womb): a hollow, pear-shaped, muscular structure. Functions include prepare
for pregnancy each month, protect and nourish the growing child, and aid in childbirth
When the bladder and rectum are full, they irritate the uterus
Four sections of the uterus - Answer-1. Cervix: a tubular structure that connects the
vagina and uterus. Normally has a tiny slit to allow for sperm to enter and for a
menstrual flow. Thins and opens fully during childbirth. The outer os is the opening
2. Uterine Isthmus: narrow neck portion that connects the cervix to the main body of the
uterus. It is the thinnest part of the uterus, plays no part in contractions, and most likely
to rupture during childbirth
3. Corpus: main body of the uterus
4. Fundus: top portion of the uterus, this is where you palpate for contractions in a
pregnant women and for involuted uterus in postpartum patient
Walls of the uterus and anchoring ligaments - Answer-1. Perimetrium: tough outer layer
of connective tissue that supports the uterus
2. Myometrium: middle layer, responsible for the contractions in labor, wrap around
uterus in 3 directions
