- Fear-
The central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a
serious threat to one's well-being.
Anxiety
- The central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to
a vague sense of threat or danger.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
- A disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and
worry about numerous events and activities.
Client-centred therapy-
- The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians
try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and
conveying genuineness. Also known as person-centred therapy.
Basic irrational assumptions-
The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various
psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis
Rational-emotive therapy-
A cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps clients identify
and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their
psychological disorder
Family pedigree study-
A research design in which investigators determine how many and which
relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder.
Benzodiazepines
- The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium
and Xanax.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-
A neurotransmitter whose low activity has been linked to generalized
anxiety disorder.
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
,Drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them to fall asleep at
higher doses
Relaxation training
- A treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can
calm themselves in stressful situations.
Biofeedback
- A technique in which a client is given information about physiological
reactions as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily.
Electromyograph (EMG)-
A device that provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in
the body
Phobia
-A persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or
situation.
Specific phobia-
A severe and persistent fear of a specific object or situation
Stimulus generalization
-A phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced
by similar stimuli.
Preparedness-
A predisposition to develop certain fears.
Systematic desensitization
- A behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear
hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or
situations they dread.
conversion disorder
A disorder in
which a person's bodily symptoms affect
his or her voluntary motor and sensory
functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical
diseases.
Flooding-
A treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and
intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually
harmless.
Social anxiety disorder-
A severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which
embarrassment may occur.
, Social skills training
-A therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and
assertiveness through role playing and rehearsing of desirable
behaviors.
Panic attacks-
Periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within
minutes, and gradually pass.
Panic disorder- .
An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
Norepinephrine-
A neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to panic disorder
and depression.
Locus coeruleus-
A small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of
emotions. Many of its neurons use norepinephrine.
Amygdala-
A small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that processes emotional
information.
cyclothymic disorder
A disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and
mild depressive symptoms.
bipolar II disorder
A type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes
and major depressive
episodes.
bipolar I disorder
A type of bipolar disorder marked by full manic and major depressive
episodes
factitious disorder
A disorder in
which a person feigns or induces physical
symptoms, typically for the purpose of
assuming the role of a sick person.
rape
Forced sexual intercourse or
another sexual act committed against
a nonconsenting person or intercourse
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