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AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers correct
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AP European History Exam Review
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AP European History Exam ReviewBenvenuto Cellini - answer Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous
for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - answer Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - answer Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - answer Emphasis on the unique & creative personally (personality?).
New Monarchs - answer Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority often by
Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - answer Application and use of reason in understanding and explaining
events.
Renaissance - answerThe period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a transformation of
cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or secular ones.
Secularism - answerEmphasis on the here and now rather than on the spiritual and
otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - answer(1407-1457) Humanist who used historical criticism to discredit
an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western lands.
Virtu - answerStriving for personal excellence.
Baroque - answerThe sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - answerPious laypeople in sixteenth-century Holland who
initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - answer(1509-1564) French theologian who established a theocracy in
Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - answer(1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and
of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
Council of Trent - answerThe congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met
intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with
the Protestants.
,Index - answerA list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - answerPapal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - answerReligious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and
punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - answer(Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a
teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - answer(1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century Scotland.
Martin Luther - answer(1483-1546) German theologian who challenged the church's
practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the destruction of the
Roman Catholic world.
Sir Thomas More - answer(1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and chancellor of
England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly recognize his king as
Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - answerPractice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
Peace of Augsburg - answer(1555) Document in which Charles V recognized
Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince
determined the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - answerThe holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - answerSelling of church offices
Theocracy - answerA community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the state is
subordinate to the church.
Usury - answerPractice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - answer(1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won victories for the
German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the battles.
Duke of Alva - answer(1508-1582) Military leader sent by Phillip to pacify the Low
Countries.
Armada - answer(1588) Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel by an English
fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England.
Vasco de Balboa - answerFirst European to reach the Pacific Ocean (1513).
, Catherine de Medici - answer(1547-1589) The wife of Henry II (1547-1559) of France,
who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during the rule of
her weak sons.
Christopher Columbus - answerFirst European to sail to the West Indies (1492).
Concordat of Bologna - answer(1516) Treaty under which the French Crown recognized
the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint all French
bishops and abbots.
Fernando Cortez - answerConqueror of the Aztecs (1519-1521).
Defenestration of Prague - answerThe hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from
a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War.
Bartholomew Diaz - answerFirst European to reach the southern tip of Africa (1487-
1488).
Dutch East India Company - answerGovernment-chartered joint-stock company that
controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.
Edict of Nantes - answer(1598) The edict of Henry IV that granted Huguenots the rights
of public worship and religious toleration in France.
Elizabeth I - answer(1558-1603) Protestant ruler of England who helped stabilize
religious tensions by subordinating theological issues to political considerations.
Prince Henry the Navigator - answerSponser of voyages along West African coasts
(1418).
Henry IV - answer(1589-1610) Formerly Henry of Navarre. Ascended the French throne
as a convert to Catholicism. Surrived St. Bartholomew Day, signed Edict of Nantes,
quoted as saying, "Paris is worth a mass."
Huguenots - answerFrench Calvinists.
Ferdinand Magellan - answerCircumnavigator of the globe (1519-1522).
Peace of Westphalia - answer(1648) The treaty ending the Thirty Years' War in
Germany. It allowed each prince - whether Lutheran, Catholic, or Calvinist - to choose
the established creed of his territory.
Philip II - answer(1556-1598) Son and successor to Charles V, ruling Spain and the Low
Countries.
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