BIO 101 PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIO 101
BIO 101 PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
Hybrid - Answer-an offspring of parents of two different species or of two different varieties of one species; an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or mor...
BIO 101 PRACTICE EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT
ANSWERS
Hybrid - Answer-an offspring of parents of two different species or of two different
varieties of one species; an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited
traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes.
Mendels four hypothesis: #1 - Answer-1. There are alternative versions of genes that
account for variations in inherited characters. The alternative versions of a gene are
called, alleles. (ex: purple flower and white flower)
Mendels four hypothesis: #2 - Answer-2. For each character, an organism inherits two
alleles, one from each parent. These alleles may be the same or different. Homozygous
or heterozygous.
homozygous - Answer-having two identical alleles for a given gene
heterozygous - Answer-having two different alleles for a given gene
Mendel's four hypothesis: #3 - Answer-3. If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ,
then one determines the organisms appearance and is called the dominant allele; the
other has no noticeable effect on the organisms appearance and is called the recessive
allele. Uppercase letters represent dominant alleles and lowercase letters represent
recessive alleles.
Mendel's four hypothesis: #4 - Answer-4. A sperm or egg carries only one allele for
each inherited character because allele pairs separate (segregate) from each other
during the production of gametes (known as the law of segregation)
Law of segregation - Answer-A general rule in inheritance (originally formulated by
Gregor Mendel) that individuals have two alleles for each gene and that when gametes
form by meiosis, the two alleles separate, each resulting gamete ending up with only
one allele of each gene; also known as Mendel's first law of inheritance.
homologous chromosomes - Answer-as the uppercase and lowercase letters next to the
loci indicate, two homologous chromosomes may bear either the same alleles or
different ones. One member from each pair comes from the organism's female parent,
while the other comes from the male parent.
Phenotype - Answer-the expressed traits of an organism
ex: purple/white flowers (phenotypic ratio: 3:1)
law of independent assortment - Answer-a general rule in inheritance (originally
formulated by Gregor Mendel) that when gametes form during meiosis, each pair of
alleles for a particular characteristic segregate independently of other pairs; also known
as Mendel's second law of inheritance.
Testcross - Answer-the mating between an individual of unknown genotype for a
particular characteristic and an individual that is homozygous recessive for that same
characteristic.
When is a testcross performed - Answer-the testcross can be used to determine the
unknown genotype (homozygous dominant vs heterozygous). Used by Mendel to
confirm true-breeding genotypes.
The testcross is an important tool of geneticists for determining genotypes.
ex: black lab contains one of two possible genotypes (BB or Bb), a testcross must be
performed to know true genotype.
Pedigree - Answer-a family genetic tree representing the occurrence of heritable traits in
parents and offspring across a number of generations.
What is a pedigree used for and if presented with one could you determine if traits were
the result of dominant allele, recessive allele, or that the trait was sex linked? - Answer-
a pedigree can be used to determine genotypes of matings that have already occurred.
Yes, by analyzing the results of matings that have already occurred; to analyze the
pedigree, geneticists applies logic and Mendel's laws.
Recessive disorders include: - Answer-Cystic fibrosis and inbreeding
Cystic fibrosis - Answer-a genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of a
certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and
vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated
inbreeding - Answer-mating between close relatives (increase in recessive alleles)
Dominant disorders include - Answer-Anchondroplasia and Huntington's disease
Anchondroplasia - Answer-resulting in dwarfism
Huntington's disease - Answer-a degenerative disorder of the nervous system
genetic screening - Answer-can inform decisions about whether to have a child
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