LLCU 213 Test #1 (Weeks 1-3) Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Compare James vs. Luciano - answer✔- The James Gang ended with James' Death in 1882,
while Luciano's organization is still active in the 21st century
- While the crime portfolio of James was limited (robbing banks, stagecoaches, and trains),
criminal organizations are involved in a variety of crimes (e.g. labour racketeering) and on a
large scale (e.g. smuggling planeloads of cocaine)
Compare extinction vs. Perpetuity - answer✔- Perpetuity is a variable that can distinguish
organized from conventional crime from conventional crime
* Conventional crime refers to bond or other security with no fixed maturity date (a.k.a. Goes
extinct)
- E.g. James died, and with that, so did his organization (shows extinction); meanwhile, Luciano
died but his organization remained active to this day (shows perpetuity)
What are the 4 reasons explaining the importance of REPUTATION? - answer✔1. Criminals
who are part of a recognizable organization are in the position to negotiate transactions
-> those without an organizational affiliation would find it difficult if not impossible to
accomplish
2. The benefit from the value of a bad reputation
3. They carry a more reliable form of justice where the legal system places onerous burdens on
plaintiffs
4. They use bonding rituals (creates a sense of identity)
What is the use of a name, rituals, and foundation myths? - answer✔Name:
- Name is everything; without it, gangs would be perceived as just a group of hooligans
Rituals:
- Create a moment in which you completely delete your past to be born into a new life
- i.e. the mafia becomes your family instead of your biological family
Foundation myths:
- Mythology connects a mythical organization to a glorious past
- E.g. Robin Hood: was a mythical hero who stole from the rich to give to the poor; therefore, he
appeared to be a good guy which justified his crimes
- E.g. Pablo Escobar invented himself a mythology in Columbia
What type of activities do criminals of organized crime part-take in? - answer✔1. Providing
illicit goods and services
- Includes gambling, lending, sex, narcotics, stolen property
- Harm through consensual activities, economic harm, and no inherent violence
2. Infiltration of legitimate business
- Includes coercive use of legal business for purposes of exploitation
- Harm through non-consensual activities, threat, violence, extortion, and economic harm
How is organized crime structured? - answer✔- Organized crime is a continuing criminal
enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public
demand
- Its continuing existence is maintained through the use of force monopoly control, and/or the
corruption of public officials
How it is structured:
1. No political goals -> the goals of an organized crime group are money and power
2. Hierarchical -> a vertical power structure, not just a leader and followers
3. Membership -> limited or exclusive membership (must be invited, cannot apply)
4. Subculture -> constitute a unique subculture
5. Perpetuation -> perpetuates itself (gang will continue functioning even when the members
change overtime)
6. Violence -> willingness to use illegal violence
7. Monopolistic -> hegemony over a territory (rule over certain areas)
8. Rules -> governed by rules and regulations
Define criminal organization in Canada - answer✔- Composed of 3 or more persons in or outside
Canada
- Has one of its main purposes/activities being the facilitation or commission of 1 or more
serious offences, that, if committed, would likely result in the direct to indirect receipt of a
material benefit, by the group or by any one of the persons who constitute the group
What is the international definition of organized criminal groups? - answer✔- Defined as a group
of at least 3 members, taking some action in concert (i.e. together or in some co-ordinated
manner) for the purpose of committing a 'serious crime' and for the purpose of obtaining a
financial or other benefit.
- The group must have some internal organization or structure, and exist for some period of time
before or after the actual commission of the offences(s) are involved
Explain organized crime using the H2O and spiderweb analogies - answer✔H2O analogy:
- Demonstrates connection
- O acts as the connection of criminals to the political elite to protect and even sanction their
predatory activities
- H acts as the criminals in the organization (confirm this**)
Spiderweb:
- Intricately designed work of art and engineering marvel
- Every part of the web is connected to each other, making the web both complex and powerful
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