LLCU 213 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Social Disorganization Theory - answer- a macro theory looking across different communities
or neighbourhoods
- Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. Mckay
- location matters
- persons residential location is a substantial factor shaping the likelihood tha...
Social Disorganization Theory - answer✔- a macro theory looking across different communities
or neighbourhoods
- Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. Mckay
- location matters
- persons residential location is a substantial factor shaping the likelihood that that person will
become involved in illegal activity
- as significant as the person's individual characteristics
- poverty rate, unemployment rate
Anomie - answer✔- Durkheim (suicide rates)
- used in US by Robert Merton to describe adaptations in behaviour and the interaction between
legitimate and illegitimate means
- anomie may apply when there are not enough legitimate means to reach legitimate societal
goals
- occur when society is in a state of disorder and disintegration, as opposed to stability and
integration
Anomie - answer✔- applied to the acquisition of wealth, the attainment of status, or the
expression of cultural or class values
- failure to achieve positively valued goals, removal of positively valued stimuli, and
confrontation with negative stimuli
Anomie and Strain Theories - answer✔- develop projects designed to bring stability and order to
disorganized communities
- the hope has been that increasing the stability of the community, the schools, and the family
would reduce criminal and delinquent acts
Conflict Theory - answer✔- sees social life as a competition and focuses on the distribution of
resources, power and inequality
- society = arena of inequality that generates social conflict and social change
- karl marx = father of social conflict theory
Social Control - answer✔- informal social control exists in families, peer groups, churches, and
in communities
- when there is a breakdown of informal social control, formal social control increases
- law = formal social control
Marxist Theorist - answer✔- believe that capitalism is the cause of crime and delinquency
Instrumental Marxist Theorist - answer✔- entire system of capitalism serves to benefit the ruling
elite
Structural Marxist - answer✔- in short term the political state maintains some degree of
independence from the ruling elite
Marxist View - answer✔- crime is either committed by the ruling class to keep the working class
in place, or by the working class to strike out against the ruling class
Radical and Critical Theories - answer✔- crime and delinquency are defined by those who have
the power in society
- law & criminal justice system = keep powerless under control
Feminist Theories - answer✔- focus on patriarchy and the role it plays in society
- women can be treated less severely than men for committing a crime, or more severely than
men in an attempt to keep them subservient to men
- patriarchal system as the root division in society between the dominant and subordinate groups
- why men commit more crimes than women
Power-control theorists - answer✔- contend that traditional families encourage male
delinquency, and inhibit female delinquency
Nature vs. Nurture - answer✔- external influence of society was the main driving factor for why
one may commit crimes
- "theory of anomie" = understand why criminal choose to act the way they do
- Merton believed that cultural goals and a person's motivation to achieve them in a legitimate
manner are not always in balance and an imbalance leads to anomie or deviant behaviour
Differential Association Theory - answer✔- anomie does not address why some individuals
innovate through criminality and others do not
- DAT explains how an individual accepts and learns criminal behaviours
- studies the learning process of individuals through their socialization with others
- Edwin Sutherland
Edwin Sutherland - answer✔-DAT
- to address individuals' drivers and respond to the fact that organized crime was flourished in
both the middle and lower classes of society
- all behaviour is learned from person groups; and the impact of an individual's personal group is
dependent on the intensity, duration, and frequency of integration with those groups
Subcultures and Social Disorganization - answer✔- subcultural values create the fertile ground
from which organized crime grows
- "Large scale social, economic, cultural, and political as well as local forces generate different
patters of poverty and social disorganization. these together, interactively, create distinctive
subculture"
Young gang subcultures - answer✔- organized crime flourishes in neighbourhoods with a greater
degree of social disorganization bc deprived of readily available legal success models and are
exposed to other influences like drug dealers and racketeers
Researches in Canada - answer✔- poverty disposes children to various forms of disadvantage
- impact that being poor has on both actual and expected victimization
- damaging effects determined by membership to less advantaged geographical areas
-crime = most concentrated in city
Subculture - answer✔- cultural group within a larger culture that consists of those who share
something in common
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